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GI I > Stomach physiology > Flashcards

Stomach physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 reflexes related to the stomach?

A

Gastrosalivary
Gastroileal
Gastrocolic

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2
Q

What is the rate of slow waves in the stomach?

A

4 waves/min

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3
Q

What is the rate of slow waves in the duodenum and jejunum?

A

12 waves/min

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4
Q

What is the rate of slow waves in the distal ileum?

A

8 waves/min

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5
Q

What is the rate of slow waves in the cecum?

A

9 waves/min

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6
Q

What is the rate of slow waves in the sigmoid colon?

A

6 waves/min

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7
Q

What are the types of motility of an empty stomach?

A

Migrating motor complex (MMC)
Hunger contraction

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8
Q

What are the types of stomach motility after a meal?

A

Receptive relaxation
Mixing peristaltic waves
Gastric emptying

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9
Q

What increases MMC?

A

Motilin

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10
Q

What abolishes MMC?

A

entry of meal

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11
Q

What are the mediators receptive relaxation of the stomach?

A

Vagovagal reflex
CCK increases
VIP and NO

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12
Q

What is the span of the normal gastric emptying time?

A

2-3 hours

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13
Q

What are the main factors that affect gastric emptying?

A

Fluidity of chyme
Duodenal factors
Gastric factors

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14
Q

What are the enterogastric hormones that inhibit gastric emptying?

A

CCK
Secretin
GIP

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15
Q

What cells produce somatostatin?

A

D cells

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16
Q

What stimulates the release of somatostatin?

A

Acid in stomach

17
Q

What does somatostatin inhibit?

A

Gastric acid secretion

17
Q

What stimulates the release of gastrin?

A

Ach
Peptides and AAs

18
Q

What is the function of gastrin?

A

Stimulates gastric acid secretion?

19
Q

What cells produce gastrin?

A

G cells

20
Q

What cells produce gastric lipase?

A

Chief cells

21
Q

What cells produce histamine?

A

ECL cells

22
Q

What stimulates the release of histamine?

A

Ach
Gastrin

23
Q

What is the function of histamine?

A

Stimulates gastric acid secretion

24
Q

How is acid secreted by parietal cells?

A

Cl- is brought into the cell from the blood in exchange for bicarbonate.
Cl- diffuses into lumen
H+ is pumped into and K out of lumen by H/K ATPase

25
Q

What intestinal factors inhibit HCl secretion?

A

Secretin
GIP

26
Q

How do prostaglandins, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor affect stomach secretion?

A

Inhibit HCl secretion

27
Q

How is mucus secretion stimulated in the stomach?

A

Direct stimulation of mucosa by rough food

28
Q

What are some things that can result in peptic ulcer disease?

A

H pylori infection
NSAID use
Cigarette smoking
Genetic predisposition
Blood group O
Psychological stress

29
Q

What causes Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

A

Gastrinoma - gastrin producing tumor in pancreas

30
Q

What is seen in lab studies that indicates pernicious anemia?

A

Low Hgb
Macrocytes

GI I (19 decks)

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