Stomach physiology

Question 1

What are the 3 reflexes related to the stomach?

Answer 1

Gastrosalivary
Gastroileal
Gastrocolic

Question 2

What is the rate of slow waves in the stomach?

Answer 2

4 waves/min

Question 3

What is the rate of slow waves in the duodenum and jejunum?

Answer 3

12 waves/min

Question 4

What is the rate of slow waves in the distal ileum?

Answer 4

8 waves/min

Question 5

What is the rate of slow waves in the cecum?

Answer 5

9 waves/min

Question 6

What is the rate of slow waves in the sigmoid colon?

Answer 6

6 waves/min

Question 7

What are the types of motility of an empty stomach?

Answer 7

Migrating motor complex (MMC)
Hunger contraction

Question 8

What are the types of stomach motility after a meal?

Answer 8

Receptive relaxation
Mixing peristaltic waves
Gastric emptying

Question 9

What increases MMC?

Answer 9

Motilin

Question 10

What abolishes MMC?

Answer 10

entry of meal

Question 11

What are the mediators receptive relaxation of the stomach?

Answer 11

Vagovagal reflex
CCK increases
VIP and NO

Question 12

What is the span of the normal gastric emptying time?

Answer 12

2-3 hours

Question 13

What are the main factors that affect gastric emptying?

Answer 13

Fluidity of chyme
Duodenal factors
Gastric factors

Question 14

What are the enterogastric hormones that inhibit gastric emptying?

Answer 14

CCK
Secretin
GIP

Question 15

What cells produce somatostatin?

Answer 15

D cells

Question 16

What stimulates the release of somatostatin?

Answer 16

Acid in stomach

Question 17

What does somatostatin inhibit?

Answer 17

Gastric acid secretion

Question 17

What stimulates the release of gastrin?

Answer 17

Ach
Peptides and AAs

Question 18

What is the function of gastrin?

Answer 18

Stimulates gastric acid secretion?

Question 19

What cells produce gastrin?

Answer 19

G cells

Question 20

What cells produce gastric lipase?

Answer 20

Chief cells

Question 21

What cells produce histamine?

Answer 21

ECL cells

Question 22

What stimulates the release of histamine?

Answer 22

Ach
Gastrin

Question 23

What is the function of histamine?

Answer 23

Stimulates gastric acid secretion

Question 24

How is acid secreted by parietal cells?

Answer 24

Cl- is brought into the cell from the blood in exchange for bicarbonate. Cl- diffuses into lumen H+ is pumped into and K out of lumen by H/K ATPase

Question 25

What intestinal factors inhibit HCl secretion?

Answer 25

Secretin GIP

Question 26

How do prostaglandins, epidermal growth factor, and transforming growth factor affect stomach secretion?

Answer 26

Inhibit HCl secretion

Question 27

How is mucus secretion stimulated in the stomach?

Answer 27

Direct stimulation of mucosa by rough food

Question 28

What are some things that can result in peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 28

H pylori infection NSAID use Cigarette smoking Genetic predisposition Blood group O Psychological stress

Question 29

What causes Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?

Answer 29

Gastrinoma - gastrin producing tumor in pancreas

Question 30

What is seen in lab studies that indicates pernicious anemia?

Answer 30

Low Hgb Macrocytes