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Anatomy Exam 3 > Calf and Ankle > Flashcards

Calf and Ankle Flashcards

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1
Q

ANKLE FOOT BONES

A

ANKLE FOOT BONES

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2
Q

What are the 3 bone compartments of the ankle/foot?

A
  • Tarsal bones (7)
  • Metatarsals 1-5
  • Phalanges
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3
Q

What are the 7 bones of the tarsals?

A
  • Talus
  • Calcaneus
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Medial, lateral, and intermediate cuneiforms
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4
Q

The talus articulates with the ______ and _________ proximal to form the ankle joint, with the _______ and ________ distal to form the intertarsal joints.

A
  • tibia and fibula

- calcaneus and navicular

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5
Q

What are the three parts of the talus?

A
  • body
  • neck
  • head
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6
Q
  • The body of the talus articulates with _______, and the medial and lateral ___________.
  • The head of the talus is the articular surface for the ________.
A
  • tibia
  • malleolus

-navicular

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7
Q

What are the 3 parts of the metatarsals?

A
  • base
  • shaft
  • head
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8
Q
  • The base of the metatarsals articulates with the ________.

- The head of the metatarsals articulates with the ________________.

A
  • tarsals

- proximal phalange

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9
Q

The base of the phalanges are _________ while the head is _________.

A
  • proximal

- distal

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10
Q

TIBIOFIBULAR JOINTS

A

TIBIOFIBULAR JOINTS

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11
Q

The proximal tibiofibular joint is an articulation between the ____ of the fibula and the ________________ of the tibia.
-The proximal tibiofibular joint is a __________ joint.

A
  • head, lateral epicondyle/plateua

- planar type synovial

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12
Q

What are the ligaments of the proximal tibiofibular joint?

A
  • strong capsule
  • anterior and posterior ligaments of the fibular head
  • interosseous membrane
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13
Q

The proximal tibiofibular joint generally ________ move; allows slight elevation during _________.

A
  • doesn’t

- dorsiflexion

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14
Q
  • The distal tibiofibular joint is an articulation between the medial surface of the distal end of the fibula with the __________ of the tibia.
  • This joint is ________________, not a synovial joint.
A
  • fibular notch

- syndesmosis (amphiarthrosis)

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15
Q

What are the ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint?

A
  • interosseous tibiofibular ligament
  • anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments
  • inferior transverse ligament
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16
Q

The interosseous tibiofibular ligament runs from superior ______ to infereior ______, allowing slight elevation of the ________.

A
  • tibia,fibula

- fibula

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17
Q

The inferior transverse ligament keeps the ______ from sliding _________ (lateral and medial walls are formed by the malleoli).

A

talus, posterior

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18
Q

ANKLE JOINT

A

ANKLE JOINT

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19
Q

The ankle joint is also called what?

A

talocrucal joint

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20
Q

What are the articulations of the ankle joint and which one is the weight bearing connection?

A
  • fibulotalar, tibiotalar

- tibiotalar

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21
Q

What type of joint is the ankle?

A

hinge type synovial

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22
Q

What are the three ligaments of the talocrucal joint?

A
  • interosseous ligament
  • joint capsule
  • collateral ligaments
    • lateral (fibular) collateral
    • medial (tibial) collateral
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23
Q

The interosseous ligament holds the medial and lateral _________ to the trochlea of the talus.

A

malleoli

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24
Q

The collateral ligaments of the ankle along with the _______ limit ab/adduction, and rotation of the ankle joint to ______ when the foot is plantar flexed.

A
  • malleoli

- wobble

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25
What limits abduction at the ankle? | What limits adduction at the ankle?
- lateral malleolus, medial collateral ligament | - medial malleolus, lateral collateral ligament
26
What are the movements of the ankle joint?
Plantar and dorsiflexion with a little wobble when plantar flexed.
27
The body of the talus is wider ________ and narrower _______. This is what causes a looser, less stable fit when in __________.
- anterior, posterior | - plantarflexion
28
ANTERIOR/LATERAL COMPARTMENTS OF LEG
ANTERIOR/LATERAL COMPARTMENTS OF LEG
29
The muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg pass over the ankle joint and under the _______________ to __________
- extensor retinaculum | - dorsiflex
30
What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment?
- Tibialis anterior - Extensor digitorum longus - Extensor hallicus longus - Fibularis tertius
31
All anterior compartment muscles are innervated by what?
Fibular nerve
32
Tibialis Anterior: - Attachment - The tibialis anterior runs from the _______ to the __________. - Action - What does the tibialis anterior do at the ankle? - What does the tibialis do at the intertarsal joint?
- tibia/fibula/IO membrane - medial tarsal and base metatarsal 1 - dorsiflexion - inversion
33
Extensor Digitorum Longus: - Attachment - The extensor digitorum longus goes from _______ to ___________. - Action - What does the extensor digitorum do at the ankle? - What does the extensor digitorum do at the digits?
- tibia/fibula/IO membrane - extensor expansion of digits 2-5 - dorsiflexion - extension
34
Extensor Hallicus Longus: - Attachment - The extensor hallicus longus goes from ________ to _________. - Action - The extensor hallicus longus does what at the ankle? - The extensor hallicus longus does what at the hallux? This muscle can also do what at the intertarsals?
- tibia/fibula/IO membrane - extensor expansion digit 1 = hallux - dorsiflexion - extension -inversion
35
Fibularis Tertius: - Attachment - The fibular tertius goes from the _______ to the ________. - Action - The fibularis tertius does what at the ankle? - The fibularis tertius does what at the intertarsal joints?
- fibula/IO membrane - base of metatarsal 5 - dorsiflexion - eversion
36
As a rule of thumb, all fibularis muscles do what?
Eversion
37
Over top of these muscles we have a ________ that is there to prevent ___________.
- retinaculum | - bowstringing
38
What are the 4 parts of this retinaculum?
- Superior extensor retinaculum - Superior fibular retinaculum - Inferior extensor retinaculum - Inferior fibular retinaculum
39
The superior and inferior fibular retinaculum are extensions of the __________ and contain the ____________ and _______ tendons.
- superior and inferior extensor retinaculum | - fibularis longus and brevis tendons
40
What are the 2 lateral compartment muscles?
- Fibularis longus | - Fibularis brevis
41
Both the lateral compartment muscles are innervated by what?
fibular nerve
42
These 2 muscles also pass under the ____________ to _________ at the ankle?
- fibularis retinaculum | - plantarflex
43
Fibularis Longus: - Attachment - The fibularis longus goes from the ________ to the ___________. - Action - The fibularis longus does what at the ankle? - The fibularis longus does what at the intertarsal joints?
- fibula - base of metatarsal 1 - plantarflex - maintains transverse arch, eversion
44
Fibularis Brevis: - Attachment - The fibularis brevis goes from the _______ to the _________. - Action - The fibularis brevis does what at the ankle? - The fibularis brevis does what at the intertarsal joints?
- fibula - base of metatarsal 5 - plantar flexion - eversion
45
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THE LEG
46
The posterior compartment of the leg is divided into ________ and ______ muscles.
Superficial and deep
47
The superficial muscles form the ________ and share a common tendon, the ________________ which is stabilized by the ______________.
- triceps surae - calcaneal or Achilles tendon - flexor retinaculum
48
What are the 2 superficial muscles of the posterior leg?
- Gastrocnemius | - Soleus
49
Both the superficial muscles are innervated by what nerve?
Tibial nerve
50
Gastrocnemius: - Attachment - The gastrocnemius goes from the __________ to the __________ to the ___________. - Action - What does the gastrocnemius do at the knee? - What does the gastrocnemius do at the ankle?
- medial and lateral condyles of the femur - calcaneal (Achilles) tendon - calcaneal tuberosity (heel) - flexion - plantar flexion
51
Soleus: - Attachment - The soleus goes from the ________ to the _________ to the _________. - Action - The soleus does what at the ankle?
- tibia/fibula/IO membrane - calcaneous (Achilles) tendon - calcaneal tuberosity (heel) -plantarflexion
52
The gastroc is mostly _______ (_________) fibers while the soleus is mostly _______(_______) fibers.
- white (anaerobic type II) | - red (aerobic type I)
53
Which muscle serves as the inferior lateral and medial border of the popliteal fossa?
Gastrocnemius
54
What are the 4 deep muscles of the posterior leg?
- Popliteus - Tibialis posterior - Flexor hallicis longus - Flexor digitorum longus
55
All of the deep muscles of the posterior compartment are innervated by what nerve?
Tibial nerve
56
Popliteus: - Attachment - The popliteus goes from the ______ to the ___________. - Action - What does the popliteus do at the knee?
- tibia - lateral meniscus/femur/lateral condyle - unlock the knee from full extension - slightly flex
57
Tibialis Posterior: - Attachment - The tibialis posterior goes from the ___________ to the __________. - Action - What does the tibialis posterior do at the ankle? - What does the tibialis posterior do at the intertarsal joints?
- tibia/fibula/IO membrane - tarsals and base metatarsals 2-4 - plantar flexion - maintain transverse arch, inversion
58
Flexor Hallucis Longus: - Attachment - The flexor hallucis longus goes from the _______ to the ________ - Action - What does the flexor hallucis longus do at the ankle? - What does the flexor hallucis longus do at the intertarsal joints? - What does the flexor hallucis longus do at the 1st digit?
- tibia/fibula/IO membrane - distal phalange digit 1 - plantar flexion - inversion - flexion
59
Flexor digitorum longus: - Attachment - The flexor digitorum longus goes from the _______ to the ________. - Action - What does the flexor digitorus longus do at the ankle? - What does the flexor digitorum longus do at the intertarsal joints? - What does the flexor hallucis longus do at digits 2-5?
- tibia/fibula/IO membrane - distal phalanges 2-5 - plantarflexion - inversion - flex
60
POPLITEAL FOSSA
POPLITEAL FOSSA
61
What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
- Superior lateral= biceps femoris - Superior medial= semitendinosus and semimembranosus - Inferior lateral and medial= gastrocnemius
62
Contents of the popliteal fossa: - What are the arteries and veins? - What are the main nerves? - What are the muscles?
Arteries - Popliteal arteries and veins + small saphenous vein entering popliteal vein - genicular branches of popliteal artery Nerves - Saphenous nerve - Tibial and fibular nerves (cumulatively = sciatic nerve) - medial sural nerve from tibial nerve to lateral leg - lateral sural nerve from fibular nerve to post. leg/med ankle - Posterior cutaneous nerve - Lymph nodes and vessels Muscles -popliteus and plantaris
63
NERVES
NERVES
64
What nerve feeds the anterior compartment?
deep fibular nerve
65
What nerve feeds the lateral compartment?
superficial fibular nerve
66
What nerve feeds the posterior compartment?
tibial nerve and sural nerve
67
BLOOD VESSELS
BLOOD VESSELS
68
What blood vessels are in the popliteal region?
- popliteal artery and vein - genicular branches - great saphenous
69
What blood vessels are in the anterior compartment?
anterior tibial artery and vein
70
What blood vessels are in the lateral compartment?
perforating branches of anterior tibial and fibular arteries
71
What blood vessels are in the posterior compartment?
- posterior tibial and fibular arteries and veins | - great saphenous vein

Anatomy Exam 3 (6 decks)

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