Urinary Tract

Question 1

KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT

Answer 1

KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT

Question 2

What are the functions of the kidneys?

Answer 2

• produce urine and hormones

- fluid homeostasis

Question 3

The kidneys are located ___________, meaning posterior to the abdominal wall.

Answer 3

retroperitoneal

Question 4

Is the right or left kidney higher up?

Answer 4

left kidney is higher than the right

Question 5

The kidney is divided into the _________________ area and the _______.

Answer 5

• cross sectional anatomy

- hilum

Question 6

What are the two main parts in the cross sectional area?

Answer 6

• cortex

- medulla

Question 7

What does the cortex contain?

Answer 7

nephrons (functional unit of the kidney)

Question 8

• The kidney medulla contains the structures of the nephrons responsible for maintaining the ____ and ______ balance of the blood.
• The pyramids of the medulla contain ______________ and collecting ducts for all nephrons.
• The renal papillae contain opening of collecting ducts which drain into what?
• What do the columns of the kidney contain?

Answer 8

• salt and water
• long loop of Henle (salt gradient)
• minor and major calyx
• arteries and veins

Question 9

What is located within the hilum?

Answer 9

• renal artery
• renal vein
• renal pelvis/ureter

Question 10

The renal artery braches off of what?

Answer 10

abdominal aorta

Question 11

What does the renal vein drain into?

Answer 11

IVC (inferior vena cava)

Question 12

The renal vein is NOT part of what system?

Answer 12

Hepatic Portal Vein System

Question 13

The ureters connect the ______ to the ________.

Answer 13

• kidney

- bladder

Question 14

The renal _______ resists ________ under pressure

Answer 14

• capsule

- swelling

Question 15

The adrenal glands are attached to the ______ of the _______.

Answer 15

• crura

- diaphragm

Question 16

What two parts make up the adrenal glands?

Answer 16

• adrenal cortex

- adrenal medulla

Question 17

The adrenal cortex is an endocrine gland that secretes what?

Answer 17

Steroid hormones

• cortisol
• aldosterone
• androgen

Question 18

The adrenal medulla is an endocrine grand that secretes what? For what reason?

Answer 18

epinephrine for the “fight or flight” response

Question 19

The ureters are muscular tubes running ___________ that carry urine from the ________ to the _________

Answer 19

• retroperitoneal

- kidneys to the bladder

Question 20

The urinary bladder is located between ____________ and ________ in male or ________ in female.

Answer 20

-pubic bones, rectum/vagina

Question 21

When the urinary bladder is full it protrudes above the pelvic brim into the _______(______) pelvic cavity.

Answer 21

greater (false)

Question 22

What are the parts of the urinary bladder?

Answer 22

• apex
• fundus
• body
• neck
• 2 ureter attachments
• urethral attachment
• trigone
• detrusor muscle
• internal urethral sphincter
• external urethral sphincter

Question 23

The apex is located near what?

Answer 23

pubic symphysis

Question 24

The fundus forms the _________ wall.

Answer 24

posterior

Question 25

The body is between the ______ and the _______

Answer 25

- apex | - fundus

Question 26

The neck forms the attachment for what?

Answer 26

urethra

Question 27

What are the 2 uterer attachments called?

Answer 27

- ureteric orifices | - flap valve (prevent back flow to kidney)

Question 28

The trigone is the area of the bladder floor with __ openings, _ ureter openings and _ urethral opening

Answer 28

-3,2,1

Question 29

The internal urethral sphincter is a thickening of ________ where ________ attaches

Answer 29

- detrusor | - urethra

Question 30

The external urethral sphincter is associated with _________ muscles.

Answer 30

perineal

Question 31

What arteries feed the urinary bladder?

Answer 31

branches of internal iliac arteries

Question 32

Veins of the urinary bladder correspond to the arteries and drain via what?

Answer 32

internal iliac veins

Question 33

Urine flow overview order:

Answer 33

- Blood - Kidney nephron (site of filtration,reabsorption,secretion) - Urine in kidney collecting ducts - Renal Papillae - Minor Calyx - Major Calyx - Renal Pelvis - Ureter - Bladder - Urethra (internal and external sphincter)

Question 34

The kidney nephron is the site of what?

Answer 34

- filtration - reabsorption - secretion

Question 35

The urethra is composed of what?

Answer 35

- internal urethral sphincter | - external urethral sphincter