Camelids-Male Repro (PPT 1)

Question 1

Important details about male camelid repro tract (3)

Answer 1

• lack seminal vesicles
• small testes in perineal area
• sigmoid flexure cranial to scrotum

Question 2

Sexual maturity of males

Answer 2

4-5 years

Question 3

Breeding/BSE age

Answer 3

2-3 years

Question 4

Spermatogenesis starts @

Answer 4

18 months

Question 5

Penis should be free from prepuce at how old

Answer 5

2 yrs

Question 6

Why is the cartilaginous tip of the penis so important in breeding?

Answer 6

Allows penis to open cervix during ejaculation

Question 7

What are the main components of a breeding soundness exam in camelids?

Answer 7

Physical exam, external genitalia exam, semen collection and evaluation

Question 8

What abnormalities are you looking for during the physical exam?

Answer 8

Possible hereditary/congenial issues, signs of contagious diseases, evaluate musculoskeletal system and vision

Question 9

Types of possible congenital and hereditary abnormalities found during BSE

Answer 9

Heart murmur, crooked tail, polydactyly, syndactyly, blue eyes

Question 10

Contagious diseases often found during BSE

Answer 10

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis & mange (chorioptic and sarcoptic)

Question 11

What structures are included in the exam of the external genitalia?

Answer 11

Penis, prepuce, scrotum, testicles

Question 12

When should the penile exam be conducted?

Answer 12

During mating test

Question 13

Heavy sedation or general anesthesia should be used during what type of penile injuries?

Answer 13

Paraphimosis, abnormal preputial discharge, persistent frenulum

Question 14

Paraphimosis definition

Answer 14

Inability for penis to come out

Question 15

What abnormalities should you look for during a scrotal exam?

Answer 15

Evidence of trauma, lesions(dermatitis), edema

Question 16

Visual exam of testicle evaluates what?

Answer 16

Testicular presence & symmetry

Question 17

Normal findings during testicular palpation exam

Answer 17

Freely moveable in scrotum & smooth surface

Question 18

List the 5 parts of a testicular/scrotal exam

Answer 18

Scrotum, visual testicular, palpation testicular, testicular measurements, testicular ultrasonography

Question 19

Testicular measurement mehods

Answer 19

Calipers & ultrasonography

(Measure LxW)

Question 20

Lesions are __ _____ ___ in testicular ultrasonography

Answer 20

Not always palpable

Question 21

Normal findings of testicular ultrasonography

Answer 21

Homogenous parenchyma, hyperechoic rete testis

Question 22

3 methods of collecting camelid semen

Answer 22

Post coital aspiration; electroejaculation, artificial vagina

Question 23

Features of using the post coital aspiration method

Answer 23

Easy; need receptive female

Question 24

Features of using electroejaculation

Answer 24

General anesthesia, need skills

Question 25

What do you need to do to the animal if you are going to use an artificialvagina?

Answer 25

Train them on how to use it

Question 26

Characteristics of camelid semen

Answer 26

- gray to white color - very viscous - not a lot of motility before dilution

Question 27

What type of movement does camelid sperm have before liquefaction?

Answer 27

Oscillatory

Question 28

What type of motility does camelid sperm have after liquefaction?

Answer 28

Progressive

Question 29

What is liquefaction and name the 2 important compounds used

Answer 29

- an enzymatic tx - papain & collagenase

Question 30

What type of cells may you see while performing a semen morphology exam?

Answer 30

RBCs

Question 31

T or F: a low # of sperm abnormalities are seen in breeding male camelids

Answer 31

False, a high number is seen

Question 32

Common veterinary services and emergencies seen in camelid theriogenology

Answer 32

Castration, emergencies, infertility

Question 33

Camelid emergencies

Answer 33

Differential dx of preputial swelling & scrotal/testicular enlargement

Question 34

Types of infertility concerns seen

Answer 34

Congenital abnormalities, azoospermia, oligospermia, teratozoospermia

Question 35

Appropriate age for castration in alpacas and llamas

Answer 35

Alpacas: 12-15mos Llamas: 15-18 mos

Question 36

Sx methods for alpaca castration

Answer 36

- general anesthesia - xylazine, ketamine, butorphanol

Question 37

Sx method for llamas

Answer 37

- standing - butorphanol

Question 38

Techniques used for camelid castrations

Answer 38

Similar to small animal/equine; anti-inflammatories; tetanus vx; antimicrobials optional

Question 39

Complications assc w/ camelid castrations

Answer 39

- hemorrhage & infection (rare) - older males can still have male behaviors and erections

Question 40

Examination techniques for differential dx of preputial swelling

Answer 40

General anesthesia, palpation, ultrasound, radiographs

Question 41

Common differentials for preputial swelling

Answer 41

Preputial prolapse, preputial adhesions/abscesses, trauma/hematoma, urolithiasis, urethral rupture

Question 42

Prognosis for preputial adhesions/abscesses

Answer 42

Poor

Question 43

Testicular disorders

Answer 43

Testicular degeneration, bilateral congenital testicular hyperplasia, rete testis cysts

Question 44

Causes of infertility in male camelids

Answer 44

Testicular disorders, bilateral epididymal/vascular deferens aplasia

Question 45

Causes of testicular degeneration

Answer 45

Heat stress(>30 degres celsius), fever, older than 9 y/o, wt loss, selenium, zinc, trauma/inflammation, chronic diseases

Question 46

Location of testicular cysts usually

Answer 46

Between head of epididymis and testicle (Intratesticular)

Question 47

Hydrocele

Answer 47

Accumulation of fluid in vaginal cavity

Question 48

Tx for hydrocele

Answer 48

Medical mgmt

Question 49

Other tx for testicular enlargement

Answer 49

Unilateral castration