cancer

Question 1

tumour

Answer 1

A tumour is a mass of abnormal cells that grow uncontrollably. lump of tissue

Question 2

benign vs malignant tumour

Answer 2

benign- does not affect surrounding cells, does not spread to other parts of body
malignant- interferes with functioning cells around it, spreads to other parts of body

Question 3

checkpoints

Answer 3

signals that tell the cell to stop dividing and to die. control points in the cell cycle where the cell checks for errors before moving to the next stage.

Question 4

metastatsis

Answer 4

the process of cancer cells breaking away from the original tumour and establishing another tumour elsewhere

Question 5

mutation

Answer 5

any change in an organisms DNA, some can be inherited, other random

Question 6

carcinogens

Answer 6

any environmental factor that causes cancer (tabacco smoke, radiation, X rays, chemicals, viruses, etc.

Question 7

cancer

Answer 7

a disease in which some of the body’s cells grow uncontrollably and spread to other parts of the body

Question 8

apoptosis

Answer 8

if a cell does not pass the checkpoint it will be programmed to die

Question 9

biopsy

Answer 9

a medical test where a small sample of tissue is taken from the body to check for diseases, like cancer.

Question 10

pro-oncogene

Answer 10

is a normal gene that helps cells grow and divide. If it becomes mutated, it can turn into an oncogene, which can cause cancer.

Question 11

tumour supressor gene

Answer 11

a gene that makes a protein called a tumour supressor that helps control cell growth. mutations in tsg may lead to cancer

Question 12

DNA repair gene

Answer 12

involved in fixing damaged DNA

Question 13

cancer screenings

Answer 13

checking for cancer, even if there are no symptoms. doesn’t prevent or cause cancer. increases the chances of detecting cancer early to reduce risk

Question 14

surgery for cancer

Answer 14

cancer treatment. surgeon removes cancer from body

Question 15

chemotherapy

Answer 15

cancer treatment. kills or stops growth of cancer and other fast growing cells using drugs

Question 16

immunotherapy

Answer 16

cancer treatment. helps immune system fight cancer

Question 17

radiation therapy

Answer 17

cancer treatment. uses high does of radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumours

Question 18

stem cell transplant

Answer 18

cancer treatment. restores blood-forming stem cells in people who’ve had theirs destroyed by high doses of chemo or radiation therapy

Question 19

targeted therapy

Answer 19

cancer treatment. targets the protien changes n cancer cells that help them grow, divide, spread

Question 20

what is an endoscope

Answer 20

. imaging technology to diagnose cancer. used to screen colon cancer

Question 21

x-rays

Answer 21

imaging technology to diagnose cancer. used to view parts of the body like bones and lungs

Question 22

mammogram

Answer 22

imaging technology to diagnose cancer. specialized x ray for viewing breast tissue

Question 23

ultrasound

Answer 23

imaging technology to diagnose cancer. uses ultra high frequecy sound waves to create a digital image. can view soft tissue like heart or liver

Question 24

CT scan

Answer 24

imaging technology to diagnose cancer. technician takes multiple x rays of body from many angles. image assembled by computer.

Question 25

MRI

Answer 25

imaging technology to diagnose cancer. magnetic resonance imaging. radio waves and a strong magnetic field. more detailed than CT

Question 26

how to check skin for cancer

Answer 26

ABCD of moles Asymmetry Border Colour Diameter

Question 27

how to women screen for cancer

Answer 27

breast exams and pap tests

Question 28

how do men screen for cancer

Answer 28

PSA test (blood test) and colonoscopy