digestive system

Question 1

1What are the four stages of digestion?

Answer 1

1Ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination

Question 2

What is the digestive system made of

Answer 2

the digestive tract and the accessory organs

Question 3

what is ingestion

Answer 3

act of eating or drinking

Question 3

what is digestion

Answer 3

breaking down complex molecules into smaller ones.

Question 4

what is mechanical digestion

Answer 4

breaking down food physically, ex. chewing

Question 5

what is chemical digestion

Answer 5

using enzymes to break down the chemical bonds between food

Question 6

what is absorption

Answer 6

taking up the digested molecules

Question 7

what is elimination

Answer 7

removal of undigested material

Question 8

what are the 8 primary organs of the digestive tract

Answer 8

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 9

Where does food pass directly through

Answer 9

the primary organs of the digestive tract

Question 10

what are the 4 major tissue layers that line the digestive tract

Answer 10

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 11

Mucosa

Answer 11

• innermost layer in contact with food.
• lined by epithelial cells which release digestive enzymes
• goblet cells in this lining secrete mucus

Question 12

What is the esophagus

Answer 12

A muscular tube connecting your mouth to your stomach

Question 13

muscularis

Answer 13

consists on of smooth muscle

Question 14

serosa

Answer 14

• outermost layer
• consists of connective tissue for support and protection of organs

Question 15

what are the functions of mucus?

Answer 15

1. Protects digestive tube from digestive enzymes
2. Allows material to pass smoothly along the tube

Question 16

what does the mouth do

Answer 16

begins food breakdown process (ingestion)

Question 17

What does the esophagus do

Answer 17

pushes food to the stomach using peristalsis (wave-like motion)

Question 18

what is saliva, what is it produced by

Answer 18

a mix of water and enzymes, produced by epithelial cells lining the mouth

Question 19

What is the lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

Answer 19

controls the entry into the stomach and works to prevent backflow of stomach contents into the esophagus

Question 20

what does the enzyme amylase do

Answer 20

begins carb digestion in the mouth

Question 21

what is a bolus

Answer 21

chewed up food and saliva that has clumped into a ball

Question 22

what is the pharynx, what systems is it shared between

Answer 22

the throat. it’s shared between the digestive and respiratory system

Question 23

Where is the lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter)

Answer 23

between the stomach and esophagus

Question 24

what is the epiglottis

Answer 24

a flap of cartilage that helps direct bolus down the esophagus

Question 25

what is the esophagus

Answer 25

muscular tube that connects mouth to stomach. consists of smooth muscle that's controlledd by nerve tissue.

Question 26

What two types of digestion are performed by the stomach

Answer 26

mechanical and chemical

Question 27

what is peristalsis

Answer 27

performed by esophagus, wave like muscle contractions

Question 28

what are the levels of organization in animals

Answer 28

cells--->tissues--->organs---> organ systems--->organisms

Question 29

what are the 4 main tissue types of animals

Answer 29

1. epithelial 2. connective 3. muscle 4. nerve

Question 30

1what is epithelial tissue

Answer 30

thin sheets of tightly packed cells covering surfaces and lining internal organs

Question 31

1111what is the main function of the stomach

Answer 31

to hold food and churn it to continue digestion

Question 32

What enzyme does the stomach use to digest proteins

Answer 32

pepsin

Question 33

what is connective tissue

Answer 33

various types of cells and fibres held together by a liquid, a solid, or a gel, known as a matrix

Question 34

What allows the food to exit the stomach

Answer 34

pyloric sphincter

Question 35

what is muscle tissue

Answer 35

bundles of long cells called **muscle fibres** that contain specialized proteins capable of **shortening or contracting**

Question 36

What does the small intenstine do

Answer 36

continues digestion and begins absorption of nutrients

Question 37

what increases surface area in the small intestine

Answer 37

villi

Question 38

What is the main function of the large intestine

Answer 38

absorbs water and compacts remaining material into feces

Question 39

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system

Answer 39

1. liver 2. pancreas 3. gallbladder

Question 40

what is nerve tissue

Answer 40

long, thin cells with fine branches at the ends capable of conducting electrical impulses

Question 41

what does the gallbladder do

Answer 41

storees bile until it is needed

Question 42

what is a hierarchy

Answer 42

an organized structure, with more complex things at the top and simpler things below it

Question 43

What hormones does the pancreas produce and what do they do

Answer 43

insulin - decreases blood sugar levels glucagon - increases it

Question 44

what is tissue

Answer 44

a collection of similar cells that perform a particular yet limited function

Question 45

What happens when the pancreas does not produce insulin

Answer 45

Diabetes.

Question 46

what are organs

Answer 46

structure made of 2 or more tissue types working together to perform a complex body function

Question 47

what is an organ system

Answer 47

when organs and structure work together to perform a major vital body function

Question 48

what does food provide our cells

Answer 48

chemical energy and nutrients

Question 49

what does the digestive system do

Answer 49

takes in food, digests it, and excretes remaining waste

Question 50

examples of epithelial tissue

Answer 50

skin, lining of the digestive system

Question 51

function of epithelial tissue

Answer 51

protection from dehydration, low-friction surfaces

Question 52

examples of connective tissue

Answer 52

* bone * tendons * blood

Question 53

function of connective tissue

Answer 53

* support * insulation

Question 54

examples and function of muscle tissue

Answer 54

* muscles that make bones move * muscles surrounding the digestive tract * heart * movement

Question 55

example of nerve tissue

Answer 55

* brain * nerves in sensory organs

Question 56

function of nerve tissue

Answer 56

* sensory * communication within the body * coordination of body functions