Cancer Flashcards
(34 cards)
what is cell transformation?
process of changes from a normal cell to a neoplasmic cell
what are familial cancers?
inherited
what penetrance does a familial cancer have?
high
what are sporadic cancers?
acquired diseases
what penetrance does a sporadic cancer have?
combination of low
what virus can cause genetic damage?
oncovirus
2 types of cancer causing genes
- oncogenes
- tumour suppressor genes
what is an amplification mutation?
multiple copies of chromosomal regions
what is an inversaion mutation?
reversal in orientation of chromosomal region
what does loss of heterozygosity mean?
loss of one allele
how many changes oncogene are needed to become a proto-oncogene?
1
how many changes in the tumour-suppressor gene are needed to cause cancer?
2
are proto-oncogenes dominant or recessive?
dominant
are TSG dominant or recessive?
recessive
function of oncogenes
stimulate cell growth
function of TSG
repress cell growth
which growth factor is mutated to cause uncontrolled angiogenesis?
PDGF
Growth factor receptor for angiogenesis?
VEGF
GF receptor for breast/ovarian cancer?
EGF
mutated growth factor singalling in pancreatic cancer
RAS
mutated cyclin in oesophageal cancer
cyclin D1
mutated cyclin in liver cancer
cyclin E1
3 ways a proto-oncogene become an oncogene?
1) activation of amplification
2) mutation
3) chromosomal rearrangement
where in the cell cycle do TSG work?
cell cycle check points
