Cells and membranes

Question 1

If there are large tears in the membrane, how is this fixed?

Answer 1

the membrane folds on itself to form vesicles

Question 2

Where are proteins synthesises?

Answer 2

Ribosome

Question 3

Do ribosomes have a membrane?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

Name the 2 types of ribsomes

Answer 4

80s and 70s

Question 5

What type of cell is bacteria?

Answer 5

Prokaryotic

Question 6

What component is DNA passed through in horizontal gene transfer?

Answer 6

Pilus

Question 7

What types of metabolism do prokaryotic cells undergo?

Answer 7

Aerobic & anaerobic

Question 8

How do prokarytoic cells divide?

Answer 8

Binary fission

Question 9

Name 3 types of basic shapes of bacteria

Answer 9

1. Spherical
2. Rod
3. Spiral

Question 10

What organelle makes up the double membrane of the nucleus?

Answer 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

Role of golgi apparatus

Answer 11

Packaging of proteins

Question 12

Which contains histones; eukaryotic or prokaryotic?

Answer 12

Eukaryotic

Question 13

What type of cell walls do eukaryotes have?

Answer 13

polysaccharide

Question 14

What type of cell walls do prokaryotes have?

Answer 14

peptidoglycan

Question 15

What is the unit membrane?

Answer 15

The trilaminar structure that all cell membranes possess

Question 16

What are integral proteins?

Answer 16

Proteins which span across the membrane from external to internal

Question 17

How is the plasma membrane amphiphillic?

Answer 17

• Hydrophobic tail

- Hydrophillic head

Question 18

What creates the kink in phospholipids?

Answer 18

Cis-double bond

Question 19

What type of molecules are there in phospholipid tails?

Answer 19

fatty acids

Question 20

Cone & cylinder describe the possible shapes of what?

Answer 20

Phospholipids

Question 21

Glycerol, phosphate, choline and fatty acids are components of what?

Answer 21

Phospholipids

Question 22

2 types of phospholipid

Answer 22

1. Sphingolipid

2. Phosphoglyceride

Question 23

What makes up a glycolipid?

Answer 23

CHO+lipid

Question 24

Types of glycolipid

Answer 24

1. Sphingolipid

2. Glycosphingolipid

Question 25

Cerebrosides & gangliosides are types of what?

Answer 25

Glycosphingolipids

Question 26

What substances increase the permeability barrier of the PM?

Answer 26

Sterols

Question 27

Describe the 'fluid' property of the fluid mosaic model

Answer 27

Phospholipids can move around freely

Question 28

Where are the hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions on an integral protein?

Answer 28

``` hydrophobic = interior of barrier hydrophilic = external ```

Question 29

Where are peripheral proteins located?

Answer 29

PM surface

Question 30

What do lipid anchored proteins attach to in the PM?

Answer 30

Lipid molecules

Question 31

2 molecules which can pass through the PM

Answer 31

1. Macromolecules | 2. Solutes

Question 32

2 types of active transport through PM

Answer 32

1. endocytosis | 2. exocytosis

Question 33

2 types of transport proteins

Answer 33

1. carrier | 2. channel

Question 34

What type of carrier protein is GLUT 1?

Answer 34

Uniport

Question 35

3 types of channel proteins

Answer 35

1. ion channel 2. porins 3. aqua porins

Question 36

Direction of movement of solutes in active transport

Answer 36

Unidirectional

Question 37

2 types of endocytosis

Answer 37

1. pinocytosis | 2. phagocytosis