Canine/Feline Arachnids Flashcards by Ashley Appleton

Ixodes spp.-Common Name

I. scapularis-Black-legged tick, deer tick
I. pacificus-Western black-legged tick
I. rincinus-European sheep tick, castor bean tick
hedgehog tick, British dog tick, Australian and South African paralysis ticks

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Ixodes spp.-Hosts

All mammals and birds and humans

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Ixodes spp.-Identification

Adults: small (4 mm unfed, 10 mm fed), dark brown, no festoons, inornate scutum, long palps, anal groove forms an arch anterior to anus

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Ixodes spp.-Life Cycle

ELNA→Three host tick
Engorged female falls off host to lay eggs in environment→ egg hatch to larva→larvae “quest” for host→attach to host, feed, and drop off→molt to nymph→on host to feed and then fall off→molts to adult→adult seeks host and feeds

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Ixodes spp.-Site of Infection

Skin, especially axilla, inguinal region, face and ears

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Ixodes spp.-Pathogenesis and Lesions

Paralysis in animals, local skin reactions, transmits Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme Disease) and Ehrlichia spp., Tick worry

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Ixodes spp.-Diagnosis

Engorged females seen easily

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Dermacentor spp.-Common Name

D. variabilis-American dog tick
D. andersoni-Rocky Mountain wood tick
D. albipictus-Winter or elk tick
D. nitens-Tropical horse tick

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Dermacentor spp.-Hosts

Larvae and nymphs feed on small rodents.

Adults feed on dogs, large hosts and humans, will also feed on cats

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Dermacentor spp.-Identification

Rectangular basis capituli, medium size (unfed 6mm, fed 15mm), short palps, ornate scutum, festoons, pale brown to gray

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Dermacentor spp.-Life Cycle

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Dermacentor spp.-Site of Infection

Skin around head and neck

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Dermacentor spp.-Pathogenesis and Lesions

Most common tick in most of North America
Transmits Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF), tularemia and Babesia spp.
Tick paralysis

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Dermacentor spp.-Diagnosis

Id of tick

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus-Common Name

Brown dog tick or kennel tick

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus-Hosts

Dogs and humans

Will feed on cats also

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus-Identification

Hexagonal basis capituli, yellow-reddish-blackish brown, medium sized (5 mm unfed, 12mm fed), inornate scutum, short palps, festoons

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus-Life Cycle

ELNA→Three host tick
*Has adapted extremely well to indoor living
Engorged female falls off host to lay eggs in environment→ egg hatch to larva→larvae “quest” for host→attach to host, feed, and drop off→molt to nymph→on host to feed and then fall off→molts to adult→adult seeks host and feeds

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus-Site of Infection

Skin, especially between toes and ears

Larva/Nymph often at back of neck

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus-Pathogenesis and Lesions/Clinical Signs

Most common in southern US

Transmits Babesia canis, Ehrlichia canis, RMSF

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Rhipicephalus sanguineus-Diagnosis

Id of tick

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Treatment and Prevention of all Ticks

Remove ticks manually

Regular application of acaricides

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Sarcoptes scabiei-Common Name

Sarcoptic mange mite, Itch mite, Scabies mite

Sarcoptes scabiei-Hosts

All domestic animals and humans (doesn’t reproduce and survive well on humans). Rare in cats
Highly host specific

Sarcoptes scabiei- Identification

Round, 500 um, short legs, suckers on long segmented stalks differ b/w sexes

Sarcoptes scabiei-Life Cycle

ELNA. Burrowing mite Adult lays eggs in tunnels→ eggs hatch in 3-5d→ larvae crawl on skin surface→ larvae burrow in "molting pockets"→ nymph→ adult PPP = 17-21d.

Sarcoptes scabiei-Site of Infection

Skin

Sarcoptes scabiei-Pathogenesis and Lesions

Erythema, scale and crust formation

Sarcoptes scabiei-Clinical Signs

Starts in relatively hairless areas, lateral elbow and pinna of ear are common starting places Lesions of follicular papules, areas of erythema, crusts of dried serum and blood and pruritus

Sarcoptes scabiei-Diagnosis

Skin scraping but recovery of mites difficult

Sarcoptes scabiei-Treatment and Prevention

MCLs are effective | Treat all pets in household→ extremely contagious

Demodex canis-Common Name

Demodectic mange mite, follicle mite

Demodex canis-Hosts

Dogs

Demodex canis-Identification

"Cigars with legs"

Demodex canis-Life Cycle

ELNA Lives entirely in hair follicle/sebaceous glands. Normal to find in dogs but causing problems when they proliferate too much. Adults lay eggs→ larvae→ nymphs→ adult PPP = 2-4wk Transmission from Bitch to pup by direct contact.

Demodex canis-Site of Infection

Hair follicles and sebaceous glands

Demodex canis-Pathogenesis and Lesions

Localized demodicosis associated with alopecia, erythema and no pruritus. Usually in young animals Prognosis excellent→ typically resolves on its own Generalized demodicosis characterized by 5 or more areas of localized disease or entire body region, hair sparse, skin coarse and dry, develops "red mange". Concomitant staphylococcal pyoderma, pustules, difficult to cure

Demodex canis-Diagnosis

Deep skin scrapings and hair plucks can reveal mites Cytology Radiography

Demodex canis-Treatment and Prevention

Amitraz (formamidine) Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections Medicated shampoos

Cheyletiella yasguri-Common Name

"Walking dandruff"

Cheyletiella yasguri-Hosts

Dogs, humans

Cheyletiella yasguri-Life Cycle

ELNA Mites live on skin, hair and tunnel in epidermis debris Transmission by direct contact

Cheyletiella yasguri-Site of Infection

Fur and Hair

Cheyletiella yasguri-Pathogenesis and Lesions/Clinical Signs

"Walking dandruff" due to walking mites

Cheyletiella yasguri-Diagnosis

Excessive scurf or dandruff | Adhesive tape or scotch tape swab

Cheyletiella yasguri-Treatment and Prevention

Insecticides

Otodectes cynotis-Common Name

Ear Mite

Otodectes cynotis-Hosts

Mostly cats | Dogs, ferrets

Otodectes cynotis-Identification

500 um, long legs, suckers on short unsegmented stalks differ b/w sexes, copious dark cerumen observed

Otodectes cynotis-Site of Infection

Ears

Otodectes cynotis-Pathogenesis and Lesions

Dry, waxy, parchmentlike material in ears with large number of mites, secondary infections resulting in otitis externa

Otodectes cynotis-Clinical Signs

Frequent head shaking

Otodectes cynotis-Diagnosis

Behavior of animal, exudate in ear canal, mites on slide

Otodectes cynotis-Treatment and Prevention

Several remedies

Otodectes cynotis-Life Cycle

ELNA Transmission by contact with infected animals Feeds on epidermal debris and tissue fluid from superficial epidermis