Canine/Feline Trematodes Flashcards Preview

Parasitology > Canine/Feline Trematodes > Flashcards

Flashcards in Canine/Feline Trematodes Deck (36)
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1
Q

Alaria spp.-Common Name

A

Intestinal Fluke

2
Q

Alaria spp.-Hosts

A

DH: Dogs and Cats
IH: Snails and Frogs (tadpoles)
PH: Frogs, snakes, rodents, birds, humans
*Zoonosis

3
Q

Alaria spp.-Identification

A

Adults: 10 mm, pink or brown, oral and ventral suckers and a cylindrical hind part
Eggs: Oval, honey color, 130 um, medium thick shell, operculum

4
Q

Alaria spp.-Life Cycle

A

Indirect. PPP = 5 wk.
Egg passed in feces→hatch in water→miracidia emerge and penetrate snail→emerge as cercaria→cercaria encyst in frogs as mesocercariae→DH infected by ingesting IH with mesocercariae→mesocercariae penetrates gut wall and migrates to lungs→develop into juvenile fluke→migrates up trachea→swallowed→matures to adult in small intestine

5
Q

Alaria spp.-Site of Infection

A

Small Intestine

Immature stages in lungs

6
Q

Alaria spp.-Pathogenesis and Lesions

A

Heavy infection can cause duodenitis

Lung migration cause clinical illness

7
Q

Alaria spp.-Clinical Signs

A

Usually asymptomatic in DH

8
Q

Alaria spp.-Diagnosis

A

Fecal sedimetation

9
Q

Alaria spp.-Treatment and Prevention

A

Praziquantal or other cestocide

10
Q

Nanophyetus salmincola-Common Name

A

Salmon Poisoning Fluke

11
Q

Nanophyetus salmincola-Hosts

A

DH: Dogs and Cats
IH: Snails and fish
*Zoonosis

12
Q

Nanophyetus salmincola-Identification

A

Adults: Ovoid, creamy white, up to 2 mm
Eggs: Oval, yellowish brown, thick shell, 80 um

13
Q

Nanophyetus salmincola-Life Cycle

A

Indirect. PPP = 1 wk.
Eggs passed in feces→hatch in stream→miracidia emerge and penetrate snail→cercariae emerge from snail and penetrate fish→form metacercariae in various tissues (kidneys, muscles, fins)→DH ingest IH→juvenile fluke excysts and matures in small intestine of DH

14
Q

Nanophyetus salmincola-Site of Infection

A

Small Intestine

15
Q

Nanophyetus salmincola-Pathogenesis and Lesions

A

Extremely pathogenic.

Vectors of rickettsial organism which causes severe hemorrhagic enteritis in dogs (“Salmon poisoning”)

16
Q

Nanophyetus salmincola-Clinical Signs

A

Large number of flukes cause diarrhea
Salmon poisoning causes hemorrhagic enteritis, lymph node enlargement, sudden onset of fever, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and high mortality

17
Q

Nanophyetus salmincola-Diagnosis

A

Fecal sedimentation

18
Q

Nanophyetus salmincola-Treatment and Prevention

A

Trematocidal anthelmintics

Treat rickettsial organisms with tetracyclines

19
Q

Paragonimus kellicotti-Common Name

A

Lung Fluke

20
Q

Paragonimus kellicotti-Hosts

A

DH: dogs and cats
IH: Snails and Crayfish

21
Q

Paragonimus kellicotti-Identification

A

Adults: ovoid, up to 16mm, reddish brown, occur in pairs, look like coffee beans with spiny cuticle
Cysts: soft to solid, dark red-brown to gray, up to 50mm commonly found in right caudal lobe of lung
Eggs: Oval, yellowish brown, up to 110 um with distinct operculum

22
Q

Paragonimus kellicotti-Life Cycle

A

Indirect. PPP = 4-10 wk.
Eggs pass from pulmonary cyst to a bronchiole→swept up tracheobrachial tree→swallowed→passed in feces→hatch miracidia once in water→penetrate snail→cercariae emerge and penetrate crayfish→encyst as metacercariae→DH ingests IH with metacercariae→juvenile excysts in intestines→penetrates gut wall and migrates peritoneal cavity to the lungs→mature to adults in lung parenchyma near bronchiole

23
Q

Paragonimus kellicotti-Site of Infection

A

Lung parenchyma

24
Q

Paragonimus kellicotti-Pathogenesis and Lesions

A

Formation of cysts

25
Q

Paragonimus kellicotti-Clinical Signs

A

Absent but intermittent cough may occur.

Heavy infections may have severe cough, pneumonia and death

26
Q

Paragonimus kellicotti-Diagnosis

A

Radiographic lesions reveal cysts in lungs

Can find eggs on fecal flotation but sedimentation is preferred

27
Q

Paragonimus kellicotti-Treatment and Prevention

A

Praziquantel

28
Q

Platynosomum fastosum-Common Name

A

Lizard Poisoning

29
Q

Platynosomum fastosum-Hosts

A

DH: Cats
IH: Snail, crustacean
obligate PH: lizard, toad, geckos and skinks

30
Q

Platynosomum fastosum-Identification

A

Adults: 8 mm in length
Eggs: Oval, brownish up to 50 um, medium thick shell, operculate

31
Q

Platynosomum fastosum-Life Cycle

A

Indirect. PPP = 3 mths.
Eggs passed in feces into water→Snails ingest eggs→develop into miracidia and become cercariae→cercariae emerge from snails and infect crustaceans→metacercariae encyst in crustacean→PH ingests crustacean with metacercariae→cat ingests infected PH→juvenile flukes migrate up bile ducts

32
Q

Platynosomum fastosum-Site of Infection

A

Bile Ducts

33
Q

Platynosomum fastosum-Pathogenesis and Lesions

A

Hyperplasia of bile ducts, thickened bile ducts, obstruction of bile ducts and pancreas

34
Q

Platynosomum fastosum-Clinical Signs

A

Mild infection tolerated
Heavy infection results in “lizard poisoning”, cirrhosis, jaundice (icterus), diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy, enlarged liver with distended abdomen, emaciation and death

35
Q

Platynosomum fastosum-Diagnosis

A

Eggs on fecal sedimentation

NO eggs in feces if bile ducts are obstructed

36
Q

Platynosomum fastosum-Treatment and Prevention

A

Cestocidal drugs (praziquantal), surgery considered