carbohydrates Flashcards
(20 cards)
chiral carbons
Carbs containing carbons w 4 unique functional groups attached to them
Opitical isomers
Mirror image of eachother
-same composition
D group vs L group
D- OH group on right furthers from most oxidized group
Epimers
Carb chains w the same molecular comp but differ at only 1 carbon where OH switches sides
alpha vs beta hemiacetal
A- the OH is below the plane of the ring
B- Th OH is above the plane of the ring
which will form more often Beta or alpha hemiacetal
B (63%)
What is the only carb that can be broken down
Monosaccherides
What are the two structures found in starch and what are their bond makeup
Amalose- a1-4 bonds linerally
Amylopectin- a1-4 and a1-6 branching off
2 structures of starch %s found
25% amylose
75% amylopectin
Free enzymes that break down starch and what can they only break down
- salvillary amylase
- Pancreatic amylase
a1-4 bonds
After free enzymes what are the percentages of the carbs left
40% maltose
30% a dextrins
25% maltriose
5% glucose oligosaccharides
what are the membrane bound enzymes and what do ech break down
- sucrose isomaltase- Sucrose, isomaltase, maltose
2. Glucoamylase- maltose
Both membrane bound enzymes break down carbs from which side
non reducing end to reducing end
Absorbtion of monosaccarides
- Nak ATPase- creates low [na] in cell
- NA glucose symporter- takes adv on na conc gradient to bring na in cell w glu
- GLUT2- moves glu from high conc in epithelial to low in blood
GLUT 3
found in brain
- high binding ability
GLUT4
found in muscle/fat
- stimed by insulin which is released in fed state for purpoe of storage
Glycogen bonds
a1-4, a1-6
Sucrose bonds
a1-2
lactose
b1-4
cellulose
b1-4
