mod 3- cholesterol

Question 1

what is centrapedial transport of cholesterol

Answer 1

• process of bringing cholesterol back to liver by collecting from plasma membrane of extra hepatic tissues

Question 2

how does HDL help cardio health (2)

Answer 2

1. less cholesterol in plasma membrane of extra hepatic tissue must be replaced so more LDL is taken up (plus cant damage walls)
2. increased cholesterol in liver inhibits synthesis of cholesterol from acetyl coa

Question 3

how does plaque form on arterial wall

Answer 3

1. LDL gets damaged thru oxidation which can damage intima
2. LDL gets stuck in damaged area and gets stuck
3. macrophages come but more LDL comes and formsfoam cells
4. accumulation of foam cells + LDL lead to fatty streak
5. PG12 respondes and sends many platlets

Question 4

how does plaque evolve on arterial wall

Answer 4

overtime wall damages and keeps healing and wall becomes elevated and eventually blocks the lumen of the vessel

Question 5

what is family hypercholestolemia

Answer 5

lose the abiluty to synthesize LDL receptors. leading to accumulation of LDL in blood stream

Question 6

what are the non modifiable CHD risk factors

Answer 6

age (>45 males/ 55 females)
Gender
fam history

Question 7

what does statins do

Answer 7

-inhibits HMG Coa reductase (increases liver ability to remove LDL from blood)

Question 8

what do bile sequestrants do

Answer 8

reabsorb bile so liver has to make more using cholesterol

Question 9

what does Nicotinic acid do

Answer 9

can help lower LDLs and TAGs and raise HDL, exact mechanism unkown

Question 10

what does fibrates do

Answer 10

reduce TAG by 20-50% and increase HDL

Question 11

what does Phospholipase A, A2, C, and D do

Answer 11

A- breaks off sat fatty tail

A2- breaks off unsat fatty tail (actiavted by trypsin + cortisol)

C- breaks bond bw phosphate group and Fas

D- breaks polar head off (in plants)

Question 12

Steps of phosphatidyl transduction

Answer 12

1. horomone attaches to receptor
2. Alpha portion of g pro released and activates phospholipase c
3. C breaksdown phosphatidyl lingtol to IP3
4. Ip3 stims release of Ca from ER

Question 13

Gylcophospholip makeup

Answer 13

2 fa and 1 polar head group

Question 14

Plasmalogen makeup

Answer 14

hydrocarbon tail on 1st FA

Question 15

Sphingomylein makeup

Answer 15

1 fa and 1 choline

Question 16

Glycolipid makeup

Answer 16

faces extracellular area, allows other structures to recognize cell