Carbohydrates (biochemistry)

Question 1

What elements do carbohydrates contain?

Answer 1

Carbon, Hydrogen & oxygen (only exception is chitin

Question 2

What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms? (carbohydrate)

Answer 2

hydrogen 2:1 oxygen

Question 3

What is the general molecular formula for carbohydrates?

Answer 3

C(H²O)n

Question 4

What are some example of monosaccharides?

Answer 4

a glucose
B glucose
fructose
galactose
ribose
deoxyribose

Question 5

What are some examples of disaccharides?

Answer 5

sucrose
maltose
lactose

Question 6

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 6

starch
cellulose
glycogen
(chitin)

Question 7

What are mono and disaccharides? characteristics?

Answer 7

sugars
-small molecules
-soluble
-sweet

Question 8

What are polysaccharides? characteristics?

Answer 8

not sugars
-polymers
-insoluble
-not sweet

Question 9

What is the formula for triose? (monosaccharide)

Answer 9

C3H6O3

Question 10

What is the Pentose formula? (monosaccharide)

Answer 10

C5H10O5

Question 11

What is the Hexose formula?

Answer 11

C6H12O6

Question 12

What is glyceraldehyde phosphate?

Answer 12

an intermediate in glycolysis (respiration) and the calvin cycle (photosynthesis)

Question 13

What are 2 examples of pentose sugars?

Answer 13

ribose (C5H10O5) and deoxyribose (C5H10O4)

Question 14

What is ribose?

Answer 14

component of nucelotides in RNA

Question 15

WHat is deoxyribose?

Answer 15

component of nucleotides in DNA

Question 16

What is significant about Hexose monosaccharides?

Answer 16

they all have the same chemical formula: C6H12O6
but have different structural formula (they are structural isomers)

Question 17

What is the function of a glucose

Answer 17

monomer in starch and glycogen

Question 18

What is the function of B glucose?

Answer 18

monomer in cellulose

Question 19

What is the function of fructose?

Answer 19

fructose + glucose = sucrose

Question 20

What is the function of galactose?

Answer 20

galactose + glucose = lactose

Question 21

How does glucose exist in powder or solution (cells)?

Answer 21

in powder exists mainly in a straight chain form
in solution exists in ring form

Question 22

how are disaccharides formed?

Answer 22

formed from two monosaccharides joined by a condensation reaction to form a glycosidic bond.

Question 23

What can a glycosidic bond be split by?

Answer 23

Hydrolysis

Question 24

What is the equation for formation of maltose?

Answer 24

a glucose + B glucose = maltose (C12H22O11) + water

Question 25

Where does the glycosidic bond form in maltose?

Answer 25

between carbons 1 and 4

Question 26

Where does the glycosidic bond form in sucrose?

Answer 26

between carbons 1 and 2

Question 27

Where does the glycosidic bond form in lactose?

Answer 27

between carbons 1 and 4

Question 28

When does maltose form?

Answer 28

when starch is broken down by amylase during: digeston in animals germination of seeds

Question 29

What is the function of sucrose?

Answer 29

form in which sugars are transported in phloem of plants storage compound in some plants

Question 30

Where is lactose found what is it useful for?

Answer 30

found in mammalian milk important in infant diet

Question 31

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 31

Polymers formed by monomers linked together by glycosidic bonds formed by condensation reactions

Question 32

What is starch made up of?

Answer 32

2 polysaccharides Amylose and amylopectin

Question 33

What is the function of starch?

Answer 33

storage molecule in plant cells

Question 34

What is the function of cellulose?

Answer 34

structural component of plant cell walls

Question 35

What is the function of glycogen?

Answer 35

storage molecule in animal cells

Question 36

What is the function of Chitin?

Answer 36

structural component of arthropod exoskeletons 9like insects) and cell walls of fungi, strengthen the structure

Question 37

What monosaccharide and glycosidic bond is amylose made of?

Answer 37

a glucose and 1,4 only

Question 38

What monosaccharide and glycosidic bond is amylopectin made of?

Answer 38

a glucose 1,4 and some 1,6

Question 39

What monosaccharide and glycosidic bond is glycogen made of?

Answer 39

a glucose 1,4 and many 1,6

Question 40

What monosaccharide and glycosidic bond is cellulose made of?

Answer 40

B glucose 1,4 only

Question 41

What monosaccharide and glycosidic bond is chitin made of?

Answer 41

glucosamine 1,4 only

Question 42

In cellulose how are parallel chains linked?

Answer 42

hydrogen bonds

Question 43

What other element does chitin contain?

Answer 43

nitrogen

Question 44

How is chitin made up?

Answer 44

polymer of glucosamine, b glucose chains (which are joined rotated 180) composed of fibres and straight lines cross linked by hydrogen bonds

Question 45

What is chitin also used for?

Answer 45

to make a strong and flexible surgical thread

Question 46

What is the effect of polysaccharides on osmosis?

Answer 46

they are insoluble and therefore do not draw water in to cells, so don't affect osmotic potential

Question 47

What is the effect of mono and disaccharides on osmosis?

Answer 47

they are soluble and so would affect the osmotic potential of cells, would draw water into the cell if they are present