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2nd Time Through > Cardiac DZ > Flashcards

Cardiac DZ Flashcards

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1
Q

S3 murmur suggests? normal in what pts?

A

Mitral Regurg

children and pregnant women

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2
Q

S4 suggests?

A

LV hypertrophy

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3
Q

Pt with sycope, angina and dyspena. Heart murmur?

A

AS

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4
Q

Pt with head bobbing - murmur?

A

AR

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5
Q

Pt with tosades de pointes - Tx?

A

Mg sulfate

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6
Q

Pt with defects in cardiac Na/K pumps and congenital sensorineural deafness?

A

Congenital long QT syndrome.

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome

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7
Q

saw-tooth ECG with random QRS complexes. Tx?

A

A-FLUTTER. B-blocker or Ca-channel inhibitor

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8
Q

Pt with abnormal ECG has stroke. ECG would likely show?

A

A-fib. Can lead to cardiac stasis

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9
Q

Pt with hypertension, bradycardia and repiratory depression. Mech?

A

increased ICP cuases arteriolar constriction - results in cerebral ischemia

Ischemia causes increase in BP -

Stretching of baroreceptors causes a decrease in HR

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10
Q

Pt with cyanosis, polycythemia and clubbing. ECHO shows RV hypertrophy. Cause?

A

Uncorrected congential R-to-L defect that switched (eisenmenger’s syndrome).
VSD, ASD, PDA

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11
Q

Pt with notching of ribs and weak pedal pulses. Also may have?

A

Adult-type coarctation. Bicuspid aortic valvue

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12
Q

New born with machine murmur of heart. Tx?

A

PDA. Given endomethacin

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13
Q

Pt with 22q11 - Heart defect?

A

Truncus arteriosus and tetralogy of Fallot

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14
Q

Pt with Down syndrome - Heart defect?

A

endocardial cushion defects: ASD, VSD, AV septal defect

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15
Q

pt with congential rubella - Heart defect?

A

septal defects, PDA, pul artery stenosis

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16
Q

Mother with diabeties - Heart defect of child?

A

transposition of great vessels

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17
Q

Freiderich’s ataxia - death from?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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18
Q

Pt with Left flank pain, pulsitile ab mass. Will see what on imaging?

A

Ruptured Ab aortic aneurysm

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19
Q

Pt with with chest pain has CXR. Mediastinal widening?

A

Aortic dissection

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20
Q

Pt with Marfan’s suddenly dies. Cause?

A

MVP (Aortic dissection can’t cause sudden death)

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21
Q

Pt with ST-elevated MI. Which artery most likely?

A

LAD>R coronary>LCA

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22
Q

Pt who dies from sudden cardiac death post MI. Cause?

A

V-Fib

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23
Q

Pt with S4, apical impulses and systolic murmur. Tx?

A

HCM. S4 - difficultly filling LV. B-blocker or non-dhydropyridine ca-channel blocker

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24
Q

Pt with S3, balloon appearance on CXR. Tx?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy. Restrict Na, ACE inhibitors, digoxin.

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25
Pt with endomyocardial fibrosis and eosinophils?
Lofflers. Restrictive CM
26
Improves symptoms and mortality in CHF patients?
B-blockers, hydralazine, nitrate therapy
27
Pt with white spots on retina, painful raised lesions on pads of fingers and flat red lesions on plams?
Bacterial Endocarditis. Roth's spots, oslers nodes and janeway lesions.
28
Pt with tricuspid endocarditis. IV drug user. Organisms?
S aureus, pseudomonas, Candida
29
Most common cause of bacterial endocarditis?
Viridans
30
Pt comes in with head bobbing, and horseness. Postive VDRL. Mech?
Syphilis. AR from vasa vasorum infiltration and horseness from dilation impinging on recurrent laryngeal
31
Pt with ball shaped obstruction in LA?
Myxoma.
32
Pt dies of heart failure. Biopsy shows lymphocytes in myocardium.
Coxsackie
33
Pt comes in with joint pain, a unilateral headache and a high ESR. Says it hurts to chew. Biopsy would show?
Temporal arteritis. Granulomas
34
Young woman comes in with weak upper extremitiy pulses, arthritis and vision distrubances. Increased ESR. Where specifically is affected?
Takayasu's. Aortic Arch
35
Pt with abdominal pain, melena, fever, weight loss, skin lesions of different ages. Vessels most likely to be affected?
PAN. Renal and visceral vessels.
36
Pt with Hep B gets renal damage and skin eruptions. Biopsy would show?
PAN. Transmural inflammation of arterial wall
37
Child with high fever, conjunctivitis and swelling of hand/foot. Complication?
Kawasakis. MI
38
Child with fever, red tongue, and desquamating rash. Negative for strep. Tx?
Kawasakis. Aspirin
39
Pt comes in with gangrene and autoamputation of fingers. Tx?
Buerger's. stop smoking
40
Pt with perforation of nasal septum, chronic sinusitis and otitis media. ALso has hematuria.
Wegners
41
Pt with asthma gets wrist drop and palpable purpura? Biopsy shows?
Churg straus. Necrotizing vasculitis with eosinophilia.
42
Pt with palpable purapura on buttocks, joint pain and melena?
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
43
Pt comes in with spider angioma. Cause?
Estrogen
44
Infant comes in (few weeks post birth) with red growth on skin. Tx? Over time, development of lesion?
Strawberry hemangioma. None. Initally increases in size with growth of child but will regress by 5-8 years
45
Vessel growth seen in pregnancy? Complication?
Pyogenic granuloma? Hemangioma that can ulcerate and bleed
46
Pt with red-blue mass under nail? Composed of?
glomus tumor from SMCs
47
Pt recieving radiation treatment for breast cancer comes in with a red growth on arm.
Angiosarcoma
48
Pt post-radical masectomy. Growth in axilia.
Lymphoangiosarcoma
49
Pt with large mark on face, and seizures. Mech? Complication?
Struge-Weber disease. Affects capillary sized bloody vessels. Complication are leptomeningeal angiomatosis, intracerebral AVM on same side as face lesion
50
Pathogenesis of a atheroclerotic plaque
1) EC dysfuntion 2) Macrophage and lipid accumulation 3) Platelets release PDGF and TGF-B to promote SMC migration 4) SMCs make ECM
51
Pt with transmural inflammation with fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessels?
PAN
52
Pt has dilated and tortuous superficial veins on lower legs. Complication?
Varicose veins. Skin ulceration
53
Smoker with exertional calf pain and painful foot ulcers. Cause? Mech of nerve pain?
Buergers. Vasculitis extends to nerves.
54
Pt with bright red central papule surrounded by outwardly radiating vessels. Lesion dependent on?
Spider angiomas. Estrogen
55
Pt with myxomatous degeneration of vessels. Likely will result in? (if myxomatous degeneration in heart?)
Aneurysm. Mitral valve destruction. (Myxomatous suggests degeneration of connective tissue)
56
Pt exposed to arsenic and polyvinyl chloride. Develops what tumor? Marker?
Liver angiosarcoma. CD31
57
Pt with edema in veins with varicose veins. Defect in?
Venus valves
58
Pt with huge edema. Cause?
obstruction of lymph nodes. results in elephantitis
59
Pt with vague abdominal discomfort. Centrally located, pulsatile mass. Initial injury?
Ab Aortic Aneurysm. Causes primary by athlerosclerosis. (Medial degeneration is distant second)
60
Pt with palpable purpura, and transmural necrotizing inflammation of vessels. Will not affect which vessels?
PAN. Pulmonary
61
Pt with low lipoprotein lipase activity. How will pt present to hospital?
Familal hyperchylomicronemia. Increased risk for pancreatitis.
62
Pt with aortic dissection. Most likely cause?
HTN
63
Pt with homogenously thickened arteriolar vessel walls? Causes?
Hyaline arteroloscelorsis. DM and HTN
64
Elderly pt with HTN. Normal age related change why?
Stiffening of aorta with Age
65
Pt with tetralogy of fallot squats when cyanotic. Why?
Increases preload and increases systemic vascular resistance. Increased TPR forces more blood into the lungs.

2nd Time Through (23 decks)

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