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NPTE Cardio, Pulm & Lymph > Cardiac Meds, Lab Values, and ABGs > Flashcards

Cardiac Meds, Lab Values, and ABGs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal value for:

pH

A
  1. 4

7. 35-7.45

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2
Q

What is the normal value for:

PaCO2

A

40 mm hg

35-45

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3
Q

What is the normal value for:

PaO2

A

97 mm Hg

80-100

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4
Q

What is the normal value for:

HCO3-

A

24 mEq/L

22-26

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5
Q

What pH level indicates acidosis?

A

< 7.4

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6
Q

What pH level indicates alkalosis?

A

> 7.4

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7
Q

What ABG values indicate Respiratory Acidosis?

A

HIGH PaCO2, LOW pH

  • PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg
  • pH < 7.4

*Respiratory = high and low are OPPOSITES direction

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8
Q

What ABG values indicate Respiratory Alkalosis?

A

LOW PaCO2, HIGH pH

  • PaCO2 < 45 mm Hg
  • pH > 7.4

*Respiratory = high and low are OPPOSITES direction

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9
Q

What ABG values indicate Metabolic Alkalosis?

A

HIGH HCO3-, HIGH pH

  • HCO3- > 24 mm Hg
  • pH > 7.4

*Metabolic = high and low are SAME direction

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10
Q

What ABG values indicate Metabolic Acidosis?

A

LOW HCO3-, LOW pH

  • HCO3- < 24 mm Hg
  • pH < 7.4

*Metabolic = high and low are SAME direction

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11
Q

What is the normal value for:

Hematocrit

A

3.5-.45

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12
Q

What is the normal value for:

Hemoglobin

A

12-16

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13
Q

What is the normal value for:

Total Cholesterol

A

<200 mg/dL

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14
Q

What is the normal value for:

LDL Cholesterol

A

< 100 mg/dL

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15
Q

What is the normal value for:

HDL Cholesterol

A

> 40 mg/dL

> or = 60 mg/dL is high and good!

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16
Q

What is the normal value for:

Tryglyceride

A

< 150 mg/dL

17
Q

What do Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents do?

A
  • Reduce peripheral vascular tone
  • Dilate arterioles and veins
  • Dec BP
18
Q

What do Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors do?

A

Dec BP and afterload

19
Q

What do Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Agents do?

A
  • Limit vasoconstriction

- Stimulate vascular tissue

20
Q

What do Anticoagulant Agents do?

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation

21
Q

What do Antihyperlipidemia Agents (Stains) do?

A
  • Inhibit enzyme action in cholesterol synthesis
  • Break down low density lipoproteins
  • Dec trigylceride
  • Inc HDL
22
Q

What do Antithrombotic (Antiplatelet) Agents do?

A

Inhibit clot formation

23
Q

What do Beta Blockers do?

A
  • Dec myocardial oxygen demand

- Dec HR and contractility

24
Q

What do Calcium Channel Blocker Agents do?

A
  • Dec myocardial contraction
  • Dec vasodilation
  • Dec O2 demand of heart
25
Q

What do Diuretic Agents do?

A

Inc excretion of sodium and urine

26
Q

What do Nitrates do?

A

Dec ischemia through (muscle relaxation and dilation of peripheral vessels)

27
Q

What do Positive Inotropic Agents do?

A

Inc force & velocity of contraction

28
Q

What do Thrombolytic Agents do?

A

Break down clots

29
Q

What is the most common side effect with cardiac meds?

A

Hypotension

30
Q

What are the PT implications for Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents and Nitrates?

A
  • Orthostatic Hypotension or Dizziness
31
Q

What are the PT implications for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors?

A
  • Hypotension (dizzy/fainting)

- pts with heart failure should avoid rapid increases in PT

32
Q

What are the PT implications for Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Agents?

A

Minimal

33
Q

What are the PT implications for Anticoagulant, Antithrombotic (Antiplatelet) and Thrombolytics?

A

Risk of excessive bleeding or bruising. Avoid injury.

34
Q

What are the PT implications for Antihyperlipidemia Agents (Stains)?

A

Aerobic exercise inc HDL and maximize effects of drug therapy

35
Q

What are the PT implications for Beta Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers?

A

HR and BP response to exercise diminished –> use RPE scale

- Risk of Orthostatic Hypotension

36
Q

What are the PT implications for Diuretic Agents?

A
  • Hypotension, dizziness, falls

- Watch for signs and symptoms of electrolyte imbalance

37
Q

What are the PT implications for Positive Inotropic Agents?

A

Monitor HR during activity. Get help if < 60 or > 100 bpm

NPTE Cardio, Pulm & Lymph (8 decks)

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