Cardiac Meds, Lab Values, and ABGs

Question 1

What is the normal value for:

pH

Answer 1

7. 4

7. 35-7.45

Question 2

What is the normal value for:

PaCO2

Answer 2

40 mm hg

35-45

Question 3

What is the normal value for:

PaO2

Answer 3

97 mm Hg

80-100

Question 4

What is the normal value for:

HCO3-

Answer 4

24 mEq/L

22-26

Question 5

What pH level indicates acidosis?

Answer 5

< 7.4

Question 6

What pH level indicates alkalosis?

Answer 6

> 7.4

Question 7

What ABG values indicate Respiratory Acidosis?

Answer 7

HIGH PaCO2, LOW pH

• PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg
• pH < 7.4

*Respiratory = high and low are OPPOSITES direction

Question 8

What ABG values indicate Respiratory Alkalosis?

Answer 8

LOW PaCO2, HIGH pH

• PaCO2 < 45 mm Hg
• pH > 7.4

*Respiratory = high and low are OPPOSITES direction

Question 9

What ABG values indicate Metabolic Alkalosis?

Answer 9

HIGH HCO3-, HIGH pH

• HCO3- > 24 mm Hg
• pH > 7.4

*Metabolic = high and low are SAME direction

Question 10

What ABG values indicate Metabolic Acidosis?

Answer 10

LOW HCO3-, LOW pH

• HCO3- < 24 mm Hg
• pH < 7.4

*Metabolic = high and low are SAME direction

Question 11

What is the normal value for:

Hematocrit

Answer 11

3.5-.45

Question 12

What is the normal value for:

Hemoglobin

Answer 12

12-16

Question 13

What is the normal value for:

Total Cholesterol

Answer 13

<200 mg/dL

Question 14

What is the normal value for:

LDL Cholesterol

Answer 14

< 100 mg/dL

Question 15

What is the normal value for:

HDL Cholesterol

Answer 15

> 40 mg/dL

> or = 60 mg/dL is high and good!

Question 16

What is the normal value for:

Tryglyceride

Answer 16

< 150 mg/dL

Question 17

What do Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents do?

Answer 17

• Reduce peripheral vascular tone
• Dilate arterioles and veins
• Dec BP

Question 18

What do Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors do?

Answer 18

Dec BP and afterload

Question 19

What do Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Agents do?

Answer 19

• Limit vasoconstriction

- Stimulate vascular tissue

Question 20

What do Anticoagulant Agents do?

Answer 20

Inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation

Question 21

What do Antihyperlipidemia Agents (Stains) do?

Answer 21

• Inhibit enzyme action in cholesterol synthesis
• Break down low density lipoproteins
• Dec trigylceride
• Inc HDL

Question 22

What do Antithrombotic (Antiplatelet) Agents do?

Answer 22

Inhibit clot formation

Question 23

What do Beta Blockers do?

Answer 23

• Dec myocardial oxygen demand

- Dec HR and contractility

Question 24

What do Calcium Channel Blocker Agents do?

Answer 24

• Dec myocardial contraction
• Dec vasodilation
• Dec O2 demand of heart

Question 25

What do Diuretic Agents do?

Answer 25

Inc excretion of sodium and urine

Question 26

What do Nitrates do?

Answer 26

Dec ischemia through (muscle relaxation and dilation of peripheral vessels)

Question 27

What do Positive Inotropic Agents do?

Answer 27

Inc force & velocity of contraction

Question 28

What do Thrombolytic Agents do?

Answer 28

Break down clots

Question 29

What is the most common side effect with cardiac meds?

Answer 29

Hypotension

Question 30

What are the PT implications for Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist Agents and Nitrates?

Answer 30

- Orthostatic Hypotension or Dizziness

Question 31

What are the PT implications for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors?

Answer 31

- Hypotension (dizzy/fainting) | - pts with heart failure should avoid rapid increases in PT

Question 32

What are the PT implications for Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Agents?

Answer 32

Minimal

Question 33

What are the PT implications for Anticoagulant, Antithrombotic (Antiplatelet) and Thrombolytics?

Answer 33

Risk of excessive bleeding or bruising. Avoid injury.

Question 34

What are the PT implications for Antihyperlipidemia Agents (Stains)?

Answer 34

Aerobic exercise inc HDL and maximize effects of drug therapy

Question 35

What are the PT implications for Beta Blockers and Calcium Channel Blockers?

Answer 35

HR and BP response to exercise diminished --> use RPE scale | - Risk of Orthostatic Hypotension

Question 36

What are the PT implications for Diuretic Agents?

Answer 36

- Hypotension, dizziness, falls | - Watch for signs and symptoms of electrolyte imbalance

Question 37

What are the PT implications for Positive Inotropic Agents?

Answer 37

Monitor HR during activity. Get help if < 60 or > 100 bpm