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NPTE Cardio, Pulm & Lymph > Test & Measures and Breath Sounds > Flashcards

Test & Measures and Breath Sounds Flashcards

1
Q

What are the values on the Angina Scale?

A

(1 good, 4 bad)

1 - Mild, barely noticeable
2 - Mod, bothersome
3 - Mod severe, very uncomfortable
4 - Most severe or intense pain ever experienced

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2
Q

What is “normal” on the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI)?

A

1.0-1.30 = Normal, no blockage

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3
Q

What does a high # on the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) indicate?

A

> or = 1.30 indicates rigid arteries

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4
Q

What does a low # on the Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) indicate?

A

< 1.0 indicates blockage

lower # = more severe (ex: <0.4 in severe block)

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5
Q

Where do you auscultate the Aortic Area?

A

2nd intercostal space at the RIGHT sternal border

*A before P

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6
Q

Where do you auscultate the Pulmonic Area?

A

2nd intercostal space at the LEFT sternal border

*A before P

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7
Q

Where do you auscultate the Mitral Area (bicuspid valve)?

A

Apex of the heart
(5th intercostal space, medial to the left midclavicular line)
*Tri before your Bi

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8
Q

Where do you auscultate the Tricuspid Area?

A

4th intercostal space at level of the sternal border

*Tri before your Bi

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9
Q

When does an S3 heart sound occur in the cardiac cycle?

A
  • Diastole (passive ventricle filling)

“Ventricular gallop”

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10
Q

What CAN an S3 heart sound indicate in adults?

A
  • Key for Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)
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11
Q

When does an S4 heart sound occur in the cardiac cycle?

A
  • 2nd phase of diastole due to atrial contraction

“Atrial gallop”

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12
Q

What CAN an S4 heart sound indicate in adults?

A
  • Previous MI or CABG
  • HTN
  • CAD
  • Pulmonary Disease
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13
Q

What are normal breath sounds heard over the Trachea?

A

Tracheal and Bronchial sounds

- loud, tubular

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14
Q

What are normal breath sounds heard over the Distal Airways?

A

Vesicular

- high pitched, breezy

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15
Q

What are abnormal breath sounds?

A

Sounds heard outside of their normal location or phase

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16
Q

What are adventitious breath sounds?

A

Never normal

- continuous and discontinuous odd breath sounds

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17
Q

What do Crackles sound like?

A

Discontiuous, high-pitched

Base of lungs

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18
Q

What pathology causes Crackles?

A

Fluid or secretions

  • Atelectasis
  • Fibrosis
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • Pleural Effusion
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19
Q

What does Pleural Friction Rub sound like?

A

Dry, crackling

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20
Q

What pathology causes Pleural Friction Rub?

A

Inflammed visceral and parietal pleurae rubbing together

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21
Q

What does Rhonchi sound like?

A

Continuous, low-pitched

22
Q

What pathology causes Rhonchi?

A

Secretions, bronchial spasm, neoplasm

23
Q

What does Stridor sound like?

A

Continuous, high-pitched wheeze

24
Q

What pathology causes Stridor?

A

Upper airway obstruction

25
Q

What does Wheezing sound like?

A

Continuous “musical” or whislting

26
Q

What pathology causes Wheezing?

A

Narrowing of airways

- bronchospasms, edema, collapse, secretions, neoplasms

27
Q

What sounds will you hear with pneumonia?

A

bronchial breath sounds where vesicular should be

28
Q

When will you hear Decreased breath sounds?

A

severe congestion
emphysema
hypoventilation

29
Q

What sounds will you hear with pneumothorax?

A

Absent breath sounds

30
Q

What is bronchophony?

A

Increased vocal resonance - greater clarity and loudness (ex: 99)

31
Q

What is Egophony?

A

E to A change

32
Q

What is Whispered Pectoriloquy?

A

Recognition of whispered words “1,2,3”

33
Q

What is “normal” on the BMI?

A

18.5 - 24.9

34
Q

What is normal capillary refill time?

A

Full color in < 2 seconds

35
Q

What is abnormal capillary refill time?

A

> 2 seconds

capillary blood flow compromised

36
Q

What in the range and major classifications for the Borg Dyspnea scale?

A 
Range: 0-10
0 - No breathlessness
3 - Moderate
5 - Severe
10 - Max
37
Q

What does a positive stress indicate?

A

High probability of coronary artery disease

38
Q

What are the absolute indications for terminating a stress test?

A
  • Drop in SBP > 10 mm Hg
  • Moderately severeangina (3/4)
  • Inc nervous system symptoms (ataxia, dizziness)
  • Cyanosis, pallor
  • Sustained v-tach
39
Q

What is the number that describes a normal amplitude or volume of the pulse?

A

2+

3+ bounding
1 small or reduced
0 absent

40
Q

What is the normal adult respiratory rate?

A

12 - 20 breaths/min

41
Q

What is Apnea?

A

absence of spontaneous breathing

42
Q

What is Biot’s breathing pattern?

A

Irregular breathing

- vary in depth and rate

43
Q

What is Bradypnea?

A

< 12 breaths/min

44
Q

What is Tachypnea?

A

> 20 breaths/min

45
Q

What is Cheyne-Stokes (periodic) breathing?

A

dec rate and depth of breathing with periods of apnea

CNS damage

46
Q

What is Eupnea?

A

Normal rate and depth of breathing

47
Q

What is Hyperpnea?

A

Inc rate and depth of breathing

48
Q

What is Hypopnea?

A

Dec rate and depth of breathing

49
Q

What are Kussmaul’s respirations?

A

Deep and fast breathing

Metabolic acidosis

50
Q

What is Paradoxical breathing?

A

Chest wall moves in with inhalation and out with exhalation

chest trauma or paralysis of diaphragm

51
Q

If a patient post-op lung resection has audible crackles, what do you do?

A

Initiate bronchopulmonary hygiene

  • Postural drainage
  • Vibration
  • Shaking
  • Suctioning

NPTE Cardio, Pulm & Lymph (8 decks)

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