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Cardio-Pulmonary > Cardiac Pharm > Flashcards

Cardiac Pharm Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

common ACE inhibitors
- what does ACE stand for

A

lisinopril
ramipril

angiotensin converting enzymes

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2
Q

indication of ACE inhibitors

A

HTN
HF
CAD
renal disease

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3
Q

ACE inhibitor effects on VS

A

decreased BP (SBP > DBP) w/exercise
increase exercise tolerance in those with HF

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4
Q

adverse reactions of ACE inhibitors

A

dry, hacking cough
angioedema
hypotension
dizziness

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5
Q

clinical considerations for ACE inhibitors

A

need to monitor BP closely

if cough is chronic, possibly suggest angiotensin 2 receptor blocker

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6
Q

common adrenergic agonists

A

levophed

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7
Q

common indication for adrenergic agonists

A

shock - septic, cardiogenic, anaphylactic

heart failure

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8
Q

adrenergic agonists effect on VS

A

increased BP via increased TPR

increased HR

increased MAP

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9
Q

adverse reactions to adrenergic agonists

A

peripheral tissue necrosis

extravasation

dysrhythmias

myocardial ischemia

hyperglycemia

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10
Q

clinical considerations for adrenergic agonists

A

classified as vasopressors

monitor BP closely

monitor peripheral tissue perfusion

short acting –> may need IV

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11
Q

what are the types of ARBs

A

ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor block

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12
Q

common ACE Inhibitor ARBs

A

sacubitril
valsartan

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13
Q

common ANG2 receptor blocker ARBs

A

losartan
valsartan

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14
Q

indicator of ARB (ACE inhibitor form)

A

HF with decreased EF

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15
Q

indication of ANG2 receptor blocker ARB

A

HTN
HF
Renal disease/failure

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16
Q

effect of ARBs on VS

A

decreased BP

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17
Q

adverse reactions related to ACE ARBs

A

hypotension
fatigue
hyperkalemia
renal failure
dizziness
cough

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18
Q

adverse reactions related to ANG2 blocker ARBs

A

dizziness
hyperkalemia
hypotension
dry cough
angioedema
diarrhea
weight loss

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19
Q

clinical considerations related to ACE ARBs

A

monitor BP, HR and ECG

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20
Q

clinical considerations for ANG2 blocker ARBs

A

might be preferred if pt cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors side effects

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21
Q

common anticoagulants

A

apixaban
warfarin

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22
Q

indication of anticoagulants

A

prevention/treatment of venous thrombus embolism or other blood clots

atrial fibrillation
artificial heart valves

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23
Q

effects of anticoagulants on VS

A

none
– unless major bleeding event

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24
Q

adverse reaction related to anticoagulants

A

bleeding risk

spinal/epidural hematoma

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25
clinical considerations for anticoagulant administration
monitor for: signs of bleeding - could include dizziness tachycardia hypotension
26
common antiplatelet agents
clopidogrel tricagrelor
27
indication for antiplatelet agents
secondary prevention of MI / ischemic stroke PAD
28
effect of antiplatelet agents on VS
no change unless major bleeding event bradyarrhythmia / dyspnea - specific to brilinta
29
adverse reaction to antiplatelet agents
bleeding dyspnea bradycardia/bradyarrhythmia
30
clinical considerations for antiplatelet agents
signs of bleeding - could include dizziness, tachycardia, hypotension monitor HR / ECG
31
common anticholinergics
ipratropium tiotropium
32
indication for anticholinergics
bronchoconstriction bronchospasm / asthma COPD
33
effect of anticholinergics on VS
increased temperature increased ECG changes
34
adverse reactions to anticholinergics
bronchitis headache
35
clinical considerations for anticholinergic administration
CNS effects -- dizziness/blurred vision s/s of anticholinergic poisoning = tachycardia, flushing, anhidrosis, hyperthermia, dilated pupils, agitated delirium, and diminished bowl sounds
36
common beta-2 agonists
albuterol
37
indication for beta-2 agonists
bronchoconstriction bronchospasm / asthma COPD
38
effect of beta-2 agonists on VS
acute HR increase upon administration
39
adverse reactions to beta-2 agonists
tremor nervousness bronchospasm tachycardia
40
clinical considerations for beta-2 agonist administration
immediate hypersensitivity reactions anaphylaxis
41
common nitrate/nitrites
nitroglycerin isosorbide amyl nitrite
42
indication for nitrite/nitrates
angina hypertensive crisis hypertensive pulmonary edema heart failure low CO syndromes acute MI
43
effect of nitrite/nitrates on VS
decreased BP via systemic vasodilation increased HR at rest / with exercise
44
adverse reactions to nitrates/nitrites
headache dizziness orthostatic hypotension nausea
45
clinical considerations for nitrate/nitrite administration
monitor BP special handling/storage avoid skin contact w/meds
46
what are the positive ionotropic drugs
beta 1 agonists cardiac glycosides
47
indication of beta-1 agonists
shock - cardiogenic, hypovolemic, septic, anaphylactic heart failure
48
indication of cardiac glycosides
acute decompensated heart failure dysrhythmias
49
common beta-1 agonists
dopamine
50
common cardiac glycosides
primacor
51
what is dobutamine? - class - indication
positive inotrope shock
52
effect of beta-1 agonists on VS
increased BP / SV vasoconstriction -- all 3 increase CO + chronotropic effects, increased HR
53
effect of cardiac glycosides on VS
increased BP via increased SV decreased TPR
54
effect of dobutamine on VS
increased BP due to increased SV and vasoconstriction - pressor effect
55
adverse reaction to beta-1 agonists
dysrhythmias -- tachydysrhythmia in those with shock
56
adverse reaction related to cardiac glycosides
dysrhythmias - tachycardia, ventricular, supraventricular hypotension headache bronchospasm
57
adverse effect of dobutamine
headache anxiety dyspnea severe HTN asthma exacerbation dysrhythmia
58
clinical considerations for beta-1 agonist administration
use RPE scale in adjunct with HR response ECG monitor
59
clinical considerations associated with cardiac glycoside administration
IV admin short half-life (2 hrs) use RPE with HR monitor monitor ECG
60
clinical considerations related to dobutamine
closely monitor BP use RPE and HR to monitor response to exercise
61
indicator for statins - effects
hyperlipidemia decrease cholesterol biosynthesis - aim to increase HDL and decrease LDLs
62
common beta blockers
metoprolol atenolol carvedilol
63
beta blocker indications
acute MI HTN HF w/ systolic dysfunction dysrhythmia migraine prophylaxis
64
beta blocker effect on VS
decreased BP (SBP > DBP) decreased RHR decreased HR with exercise
65
adverse reaction of beta blockers
bronchospasms heart block masks s/s of hypoglycemia
66
clinical consideration for beta blocker administration
use RPE in addition to HR response to exercise increased risk of developing / worsening heart block auscultate for bronchospasms
67
types of diuretics - common versions
loop and thiazide furosemide hydrochlorothiazide
68
indications of diuretics
renal disorders HTN decreased edema due to: - HF - cirrhosis - meniere's
69
effect of diuretics on VS
decreased BP SBP > DBP
70
adverse reactions related to diuretics
hypotension (exacerbated by change of position) dehydration ventricular dysrhythmia (K+ imbalances) hyperglycemia in those with DM hyperuricemia / gout flare up

Cardio-Pulmonary (22 decks)

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