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Cardio-Pulmonary > Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests/Procedures - PPT > Flashcards

Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests/Procedures - PPT Flashcards

1
Q

which pulmonary tests are applicable for physical therapists

A

CXR
PFT
bronchoscopy
ABG
oximetry
bacteriological/cytological tests

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2
Q

what is a CXR used for

A

screening for abnormalities
provide a baseline
monitor progress of disease process/treatment

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3
Q

radiolucent items on a CXR

A

air = dark

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4
Q

radiopacity items on a CXR

A

bone = white

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5
Q

typical views of CXR

A

PA view
L to R view

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6
Q

explain positioning of PA CXR

A

patient standing with front of chest facing film

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7
Q

a left lateral view is helpful in

A

localizing position of an abnormality

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8
Q

systematic way to think through a CXR observation

A

1 - look for bones
–> clavicle, ribs, vertebrae
2 - position of organs
–> lungs/heart
3 - note diaphragm position
4 - trachea / any mediastinal shift

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9
Q

decubitus positioning of CXR? indication?

A

taken in a lying position
used for assessing fluid level in lungs or pleural effusion

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10
Q

explain lordotic positioning for a CXR? indication?

A

from lumbar spine facing upwards

used to assess apical / middle regions of the lung
screen for pulmonary TB

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11
Q

explain oblique positioning for a CXR? indication?

A

patient turned 45 degrees from the film

detect pleural thickening
evaluate carina
visualize heart/great vessels

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12
Q

explain an AP positioning for a CXR? indication?

A

taken from ant to post
– if patient cannot get out of bed

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13
Q

the hila is formed via

A

root of lungs
pulmonary blood vessels, bronchi, and group of lymph nodes travel through

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14
Q

what is a silhouette sign?

A

normal line of demarcation between two structures being partially/completely obliterated

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15
Q

fluffy infiltrates indicate

A

congestion in alveoli

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16
Q

what are CT scans typically used for in the lungs

A

diagnosis of tumors vs calcifications or nodules

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17
Q

high resolution CT scans detect

A

disease of lung parenchyma
lung disease in symptomatic patients with normal CXR

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18
Q

high resolution CT scans provide

A

accurate assessment of pattern, distribution, activity, and possible reversibility or disease

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19
Q

what is the gold standard for PE diagnosis

A

pulmonary arteriography

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20
Q

disadvantages of pulmonary arteriography

A

invasive
increased morbidity/mortality due to complications
time consuming
expensive

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21
Q

what has taken over for PE testing

A

CT scans

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22
Q

how is ventilation measured in the lungs

A

patient inhales xenon gas and holds breath
ventilation scans are made over lung

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23
Q

how is pulmonary blood flow measured in the lungs

A

radioactive iodine is introduced and perfusion scans are made over the lung

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24
Q

what indicates a PE from V/Q scans

A

perfusion defects with normal ventilation

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25
a normal V/Q will show
greater ventilation and perfusion in the bases of the lungs less V/Q match in apices
26
bronchography is used for ___? what is commonly detected with it?
evaluation / management of tracheobronchial tree abnormalities atelectasis
27
what information do PFTs provide
integrity of airways function of respiratory musculature condition of lung tissue
28
body plethysmography determines
max amount of air in lungs after taking a maximal breath amount of air in lungs after person maximally exhales
29
what value is considered normal from FEV1
>70% of predicted value
30
how does total lung capacity relate to those with obstructive vs restrictive lung disease
OLD = > VC RLD = < VC
31
Forced Vital Capacity definition
maximum volume of gas pt can exhale as quickly and forcefully as possible
32
forced expiratory volume in 1 second definition
volume of air exhaled during the first second of the FVC
33
what does FEV1 reflect
airflow in large airways
34
maximum voluntary ventilation is defined as
maximal amount of gas a patient can move in 1 minute
35
peak expiratory flow is defined as
maximum flow that occurs at any point in time during FVC
36
abnormal DLCO tests are attributed to
1- decreased quantity of hemoglobin per unit of blood volume 2 - increased thickness of alveolar-capillary membrane 3 - decreased functional surface area
37
flow-volume loop purpose
graphical representation of events during forced inspiration/expiration
38
how to determine obstructive disease reversibility
administer bronchodilator - 12% change in pre and post = reversibility
39
what are ABGs used for
problems related to acid-base balance, ventilation and oxygenation
40
what does an ABG report
arterial pH partial pressure of CO2 partial pressure of O2 oxygen saturation bicarbonate concentration base excess
41
PaCO2 related to hyperventilation
<40 mmHg
42
PaCO2 related to hypoventilation
PaCO2 > 40 mmHg
43
PaCO2 related to ventilatory failure
>50 mmHg
44
normal pH range
7.35-7.45
45
normal range of PaCO2
35-45
46
normal range for HCO3-
22 to 26
47
normal range for pO2
>80
48
describe volatile vs nonvolatile acids
volatile = turn to a gas, expelled via lungs nonvolatile = remains liquid, expelled via kidney
49
value associated with acidemia
pH <7.4
50
what can lead to acidemia
low HCO3- (metabolic) high PaCO2 (respiratory)
51
value associated with alkalemia
pH >7.4
52
what can lead to alkalemia
high HCO3- (metabolic alkalosis) low PaCO2 (respiratory alkalosis)
53
what does base excess reflect
concentration of bicarbonate in body
54
what does oximetry measure
oxyhemoglobin saturation
55
what signifies hypoxemia
SpO2 of 90% or less
56
cytological tests identify
specific microorganisms that may cause disease
57
hematological test aid in
assessment of cardiopulmonary disease
58
what are typically included in hematological tests
ABGs electrolyte analysis blood cell counts coagulation studies
59
what is used to evaluate blood's tendency to clot
bleeding time platelet count partial thromboplastin time prothrombin time
60
normal times associated with - bleeding time - PTT - PT - INR
bleed = up to 6 min PTT = 32-70 seconds PT = 12 to 15 seconds INR = 2 to 3

Cardio-Pulmonary (22 decks)

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