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Core Meds > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

Aspirin drug class and indications

A

Antiplatelet

  • Cardiovascular disease secondary prevention
  • Treatment of TIA
  • Acute stroke (14days)
  • ACS
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2
Q

Aspirin SEs

A 
Gastrointestinal irritation and ulceration
Bleeding
Nephrotoxicity
Hypertension
Reye’s syndrome
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3
Q

Clopidogrel drug class and indications

A

Antiplatelet

  • NSTEMI
  • Stroke (after 14days Aspirin)
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4
Q

ACE-I example and indications

A

Ramipril

  • Hypertension (<55, Not of Afro-Caribbean descent)
  • Heart failure
  • Nephropathy
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5
Q

ACE-I SEs

A

AKI (concurrent dehydration/NSAID/RAS)
Cough (10%)
Angioedema risk

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6
Q

ARB example and indications

A

Losartan

  • Hypertension
  • Heart failure
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7
Q

ARB SEs

A

AKI

Angioedema risk

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8
Q

CCB example and indications

A

Amlodipine

  • Hypertension (>55, Afro-Caribbean)
  • Angina
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9
Q

CCB SEs

A

Peripheral oedema

Constipation

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10
Q

Thiazide-like diuretics example and indication

A

Indapamide

- Hypertension

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11
Q

Beta-blocker examples and indications

A 
Bisoprolol
- Angina
- Heart failure
- Arrhythmia
Propranolol
- Anxiety
- Symptomatic relief of hyperthyroidism
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12
Q

Beta-blocker SEs

A

Bronchospasm
Peripheral ischaemia
Erectile dysfunction

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13
Q

Thiazides-like diuretics SEs

A

Hyponatraemia
Hypokalaemia
Erectile dysfunction
Gout

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14
Q

Statins examples and indication

A

Atorvastatin
Simvastatin
- primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

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15
Q

Statins SEs

A

Hyperglycaemia
Muscle toxicity - raised CK, myopathy or rhabdomyolysis (increased risk in elderly and hypothyroidism)
Hepatotoxicity

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16
Q

Exogenous nitric oxide donors - examples and indication

A

GTN and Isosorbide mononitrate

- prophylaxis and treatment of angina

17
Q

Nitrate SEs

A

Headache
Postural hypotension
Rapid tolerance: 4-12hour nitrate-free period required daily

18
Q

Rate-limiting CCBs - examples and indications

A

Diltiazem and Verapamil

  • Narrow complex tachycardias
  • Angina
  • Hypertension
19
Q

Rate-limiting CCBs SEs

A

Risk of heart block - AVOID concurrent beta-blocker use
Negatively inotropic
Constipation

20
Q

Anti-anginals examples and indications

A

Nicorandil, Ivabradine, Ranolazine

- Angina - second line or if unable to tolerate beta blockers or CCBs

21
Q

Anti-angina SEs

A

Nicorandil: rectal bleeding and flushing
Ivabradine: bradycardia, heart block and AF
Ranolazine: QT prolongation

22
Q

Loop diuretics examples and indications

A

Furosemide and Bumetanide

  • Symptomatic relief of pulmonary oedema
  • Peripheral oedema in heart failure or cirrhosis
23
Q

Loop diuretic SEs

A 
Hypotension
Hypokalaemia
Hyponatraemia
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
24
Q

Aldosterone antagonist examples and indications

A

Eplerenone and Spironolactone

1) Primary hyperaldosteronism
2) Secondary hyperaldosteronism
3) Heart failure
4) Cirrhosis
5) Nephrotic syndrome
6) PCOS

25
Q

Aldosterone antagonist SEs

A

Hyperkalaemia
Hyponatraemia
Hepatotoxicity
Gynaecomastia

26
Q

Parenteral Anticoagulant examples and indications

A

Heparin, LMWH, Fondaparinux

1) prophylaxis and treatment of VTE
2) treatment of ACS

27
Q

Parenteral Anticoagulant SEs

A

Bleeding
Purpurea
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

28
Q

Oral anticoagulant examples and indications

A

Warfarin, NOACs

1) Prophylaxis and treatment of VTE
2) Prevention of stroke and systemic emboli in AF

29
Q

Oral anticoagulant SEs

A

Haemorrhage
Purpura(purple toes)
Skin necrosis

30
Q

Adrenaline indication

A

Cardiac arrest

Anaphylaxis

31
Q

Adrenaline SEs

A

Tachycardia
MI
Hypertension
Decreased placental blood flow

32
Q

Adenosine indication

A

Paroxysmal AVNET/AVRT

Diagnosis of tachydysrrhythmias

33
Q

Adenosine SEs

A

Arrhythmia
Angina
Headache
Flushing

34
Q

Amiodarone indications

A

Treatment of narrow complex and broad complex tachycardias , AF and Atrial Flutter

35
Q

Amiodarone SEs

A 
Hepatotoxicity
Pulmonary toxicity
Hyper/hypothyroidism 
Grey skin
Corneal deposits
Multiple interactions
36
Q

Digoxin indications

A

Rate control in AF

Heart failure

37
Q

Digoxin SEs

A

Narrow therapeutic index
GI disturbance
Yellow vision
Dysrhythmias

38
Q

Fibrinolytic drug examples and indications

A

Alteplase and Streptokinase

1) Acute STEMI
2) Acute ischaemic stroke
3) Compromised PE

39
Q

Fibrinolytic drug SEs

A

Haemorrhage

High risk of mortality or morbidity if intracranial bleed

Core Meds (12 decks)

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