Cardio

Question 1

Aspirin drug class and indications

Answer 1

Antiplatelet

• Cardiovascular disease secondary prevention
• Treatment of TIA
• Acute stroke (14days)
• ACS

Question 2

Aspirin SEs

Answer 2

Gastrointestinal irritation and ulceration
Bleeding
Nephrotoxicity
Hypertension
Reye’s syndrome

Question 3

Clopidogrel drug class and indications

Answer 3

Antiplatelet

• NSTEMI
• Stroke (after 14days Aspirin)

Question 4

ACE-I example and indications

Answer 4

Ramipril

• Hypertension (<55, Not of Afro-Caribbean descent)
• Heart failure
• Nephropathy

Question 5

ACE-I SEs

Answer 5

AKI (concurrent dehydration/NSAID/RAS)
Cough (10%)
Angioedema risk

Question 6

ARB example and indications

Answer 6

Losartan

• Hypertension
• Heart failure

Question 7

ARB SEs

Answer 7

AKI

Angioedema risk

Question 8

CCB example and indications

Answer 8

Amlodipine

• Hypertension (>55, Afro-Caribbean)
• Angina

Question 9

CCB SEs

Answer 9

Peripheral oedema

Constipation

Question 10

Thiazide-like diuretics example and indication

Answer 10

Indapamide

- Hypertension

Question 11

Beta-blocker examples and indications

Answer 11

Bisoprolol
- Angina
- Heart failure
- Arrhythmia
Propranolol
- Anxiety
- Symptomatic relief of hyperthyroidism

Question 12

Beta-blocker SEs

Answer 12

Bronchospasm
Peripheral ischaemia
Erectile dysfunction

Question 13

Thiazides-like diuretics SEs

Answer 13

Hyponatraemia
Hypokalaemia
Erectile dysfunction
Gout

Question 14

Statins examples and indication

Answer 14

Atorvastatin
Simvastatin
- primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease

Question 15

Statins SEs

Answer 15

Hyperglycaemia
Muscle toxicity - raised CK, myopathy or rhabdomyolysis (increased risk in elderly and hypothyroidism)
Hepatotoxicity

Question 16

Exogenous nitric oxide donors - examples and indication

Answer 16

GTN and Isosorbide mononitrate

- prophylaxis and treatment of angina

Question 17

Nitrate SEs

Answer 17

Headache
Postural hypotension
Rapid tolerance: 4-12hour nitrate-free period required daily

Question 18

Rate-limiting CCBs - examples and indications

Answer 18

Diltiazem and Verapamil

• Narrow complex tachycardias
• Angina
• Hypertension

Question 19

Rate-limiting CCBs SEs

Answer 19

Risk of heart block - AVOID concurrent beta-blocker use
Negatively inotropic
Constipation

Question 20

Anti-anginals examples and indications

Answer 20

Nicorandil, Ivabradine, Ranolazine

- Angina - second line or if unable to tolerate beta blockers or CCBs

Question 21

Anti-angina SEs

Answer 21

Nicorandil: rectal bleeding and flushing
Ivabradine: bradycardia, heart block and AF
Ranolazine: QT prolongation

Question 22

Loop diuretics examples and indications

Answer 22

Furosemide and Bumetanide

• Symptomatic relief of pulmonary oedema
• Peripheral oedema in heart failure or cirrhosis

Question 23

Loop diuretic SEs

Answer 23

Hypotension
Hypokalaemia
Hyponatraemia
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity

Question 24

Aldosterone antagonist examples and indications

Answer 24

Eplerenone and Spironolactone

1) Primary hyperaldosteronism
2) Secondary hyperaldosteronism
3) Heart failure
4) Cirrhosis
5) Nephrotic syndrome
6) PCOS

Question 25

Aldosterone antagonist SEs

Answer 25

Hyperkalaemia Hyponatraemia Hepatotoxicity Gynaecomastia

Question 26

Parenteral Anticoagulant examples and indications

Answer 26

Heparin, LMWH, Fondaparinux 1) prophylaxis and treatment of VTE 2) treatment of ACS

Question 27

Parenteral Anticoagulant SEs

Answer 27

Bleeding Purpurea Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

Question 28

Oral anticoagulant examples and indications

Answer 28

Warfarin, NOACs 1) Prophylaxis and treatment of VTE 2) Prevention of stroke and systemic emboli in AF

Question 29

Oral anticoagulant SEs

Answer 29

Haemorrhage Purpura(purple toes) Skin necrosis

Question 30

Adrenaline indication

Answer 30

Cardiac arrest | Anaphylaxis

Question 31

Adrenaline SEs

Answer 31

Tachycardia MI Hypertension Decreased placental blood flow

Question 32

Adenosine indication

Answer 32

Paroxysmal AVNET/AVRT | Diagnosis of tachydysrrhythmias

Question 33

Adenosine SEs

Answer 33

Arrhythmia Angina Headache Flushing

Question 34

Amiodarone indications

Answer 34

Treatment of narrow complex and broad complex tachycardias , AF and Atrial Flutter

Question 35

Amiodarone SEs

Answer 35

``` Hepatotoxicity Pulmonary toxicity Hyper/hypothyroidism Grey skin Corneal deposits Multiple interactions ```

Question 36

Digoxin indications

Answer 36

Rate control in AF | Heart failure

Question 37

Digoxin SEs

Answer 37

Narrow therapeutic index GI disturbance Yellow vision Dysrhythmias

Question 38

Fibrinolytic drug examples and indications

Answer 38

Alteplase and Streptokinase 1) Acute STEMI 2) Acute ischaemic stroke 3) Compromised PE

Question 39

Fibrinolytic drug SEs

Answer 39

Haemorrhage | High risk of mortality or morbidity if intracranial bleed