Endocrine Flashcards
Insulin indications and types
Diabetes Mellitus
DKA
Hyperkalaemia
Types - short, intermediate and long-acting
Insulin SEs
Hypoglycaemia
Weight gain
Lipid atrophy at injection sites
Sulphonylureas example and SEs
E.g. Gliclazide GI disturbance Weight gain Hyoglycaemia Hepatotoxicity - rare
Metformin SEs
GI disturbance
Lactic acidosis - increased risk with age, renal impairment, iodine contrast or CCF
SGLT2 inhibitor examples and indication
Canaglifozin and Dapaglifozin
Used as monotherapy in T2DM if metformin intolerant and then in combination with other drugs for T2DM
SGLT2 inhibitor SEs
UTI risk
Hypoglycaemia
DKA risk
GLP-1 agonist example and indications
Exenatide
Used second line in combination with other agents in patients with T2DM where insulin would be problematic
GLP-1 agonist SEs
Dyspepsia
Hypoglycaemia
Pancreatitis
DPP-4 inhibitor examples and indication
Saxagliptin and Sitagliptin
Used in T2DM as monotherapy if metformin intolerant and in combo with other meds
DPP-4 inhibitors SEs
GI upset Oedema Hypoglycaemia Abnormal lipids and increased triglycerides Pancreatitis
Glucocorticoid examples and Indications
Hydrocortisone
Prednisolone
Dexamethasone
Replacement therapy in adrenal insufficiency or Addison’s disease, immunosuppressive therapy, anti-inflammatory and in combination with chemotherapy
Glucocorticoid SEs
Hypertension Oedema Hyperglycaemia Osteoporosis Cushing’s syndrome Insomnia Psychosis Adrenal insufficiency risk up to one year after withdrawal
Levothyroxine SEs
Excessive dose may cause tachycardia, angina, tremor, heat intolerance, weakness and hair loss
Carbimazole SEs
Risk of neutropenia or agranulocytosis - patient must be advised to report any signs of sore throat, fever or bruising
Hypothyroidism
