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cardiology and respiratory > cardio anatomy > Flashcards

cardio anatomy Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

what is the epicardium made from

A

Adipose tissue, vessels & nerves underlying the pericardium

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2
Q

what is the thickest layer of the heart that contract

A

myocardium

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3
Q

what is the endocardium

A

inner layer of the heart, made of endothelial cells

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4
Q

order of the outer layers of the heart

A

endocardium, myocardium and epicardium

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5
Q

what is in the anterior mediastinum

A

thymus, lymph node, thyroid tissue

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6
Q

what is the pericardium

A

a fibro- serous fluid filled sac which separates the heart from the other great vessels

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7
Q

what is the right border of the heart

A

right atrium

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8
Q

inferior border of heart

A

left and right ventricles

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9
Q

what supplies the heart with blood

A

coronary arteries

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10
Q

branches of right coronary

A

right marginal
posterior interventricular artery
RMA

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11
Q

what dies the right coronary artery supply

A

right atrium right ventricle

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12
Q

right marginal artery supplies?

A

right ventricle and apex of the heart

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13
Q

what does the posterior interventricular artery supply

A

Av node

Interventricular sulcus of heart posterior 1/3

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14
Q

three branches of L CORONARY

A

left marginal
left anterior descending
circumflex

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15
Q

what does the LAD supply

A

anterior 2/3 of interventricular septum

LV RV

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16
Q

what does the lma supply

A

l ventricle

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17
Q

what does left circumflex artery supply

A

l atrium

l ventricle

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18
Q

What percentage of people have their PIV artery branch off the RCA?

A

90%

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19
Q

SA node supply

A

60- right coronary

40- left coronary

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20
Q

AV node supply

A

70- rca
20 rca and lca
10 lca only

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21
Q

where is the apex of the heart found

A

5th intercostal left space along mid clavicular line

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22
Q

what two valves are found in the 2nd intercostal space

A

aortic and pulmonary

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23
Q

what two valves are found in the 5th intercostal space

A

tricuspid and mitral

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24
Q

at what T level does the aortic arch end at

A

T4

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25
ORIGIN OF PHRENIC NERVE
c3-c5
26
phrenic nerve innervates what important muscle ?
diaphragm
27
where does the right phrenic pass and what level does it reach the diaphragm
along the right lung root, and descends anteriorly at t8
28
where does the vagus nerve pass and function
behind the right lung root Parasympathetic innervation to all organs in abdomen and thorax
29
at what level does the vagus nerve pass through the diaphragm
T10
30
Where is the main source of total peripheral resistance
arterioles
31
difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation and pathway
pulmonary- heart to lungs RV to pulmonary trunk which divides into left and right PA Returns via the 4 PA to LA systemic- heart to rest of body LV THROUGH TO AORTA Returns via svc into ra
32
end diastolic volume definition
Volume of blood in each ventricle at the end of diastole ~130 mL. before contraction
33
What does the azygos vein connect
Svc and ivc
34
What are the three branches of the aortic arch
Braciocephalic trunk Left common carotid Left subclavian
35
What does the braciocephalic trunk branch into
Right subclavian and right common carotid (external )
36
superior heart border
left and right atria and the great vessels
37
anterior and posterior heart surface
ant- rv | pos- la
38
inferior heart surface
l and r v
39
left and right pulmonary heart surface
left- LV | right- RA
40
ROLE of coronary sulcus
divide the atria and ventricles
41
location of atrioventricular valves
tricuspid- between right atria and v | mitral- LA and LV
42
ROLE OF AV VALVES
CLOSE DURING VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
43
location of the semilunar valves
pulmonary- l and r v and the pulmonary trunk | aortic- LV and ascending aorta
44
role of semilunar vavles
make the second heart sound dub shut during ventricular diastole
45
Branches of external carotid
SALFOPMS ``` superior thyroid Ascending pharangyeal Lingual Facial Occipital Posterior auricular Maxillary Superficial temporal ```
46
Where do the coronary vessels arise from
Ascending aorta
47
Branches of the subclavian artery
VITC & D ``` vertebral artery Internal thoracic Thyrocervical trunk Costalcervical trunk Dorsal scapular ```
48
Where is the coronary sinus located
Right atrium
49
What makes the s1 heart sound and where are those valves located
Closure of av valves during ventricular contraction | Located in fifth intercostal space
50
What makes the s2 sound and where are those valves located
Closure of the sl valves | 2nd intercostal space
51
How many embryological arches does the aorta have
6
52
What does the aorta bifurcate into and where
Right and left common iliac artery at l4
53
What is the ligamentum arteriosum
How the aorta and pulmonary trunk are connected
54
What do the branches of the aorta supply
Right subclavian right upper limb and head and neck Left common carotid lifetime side of head and neck Left subclavian supply the left side of upper body
55
Root of left phrenic nerve
Descends anteriorly to left lung root Crosses aortic arch Pierces and innervates the inferior surface of diaphragm
56
Pathway of svc
Arises from union of left and right brachiocephalic veins Descends vertically through the superior mediastinum At c2 enters the middle mediastinum
57
Example of referred heart pain with coronary arteries
Blockage of coronary arteries patient may feel pain in jaw and shoulder rather than in the heart
58
What does the 5th embryological aortic arch turn into
Nothing
59
What does the 1st and 2nd embryological aortic arch turn into
1- maxillary artery | 2- stapedial artery
60
which artery supplies the pda to give rigt dominance
right coronary artery
61
what will occlusion to LAD and RCA cause
LCA- CONDUCTING ability is affected | RCA- inferior myocardial infarction
62
Parasympathetic Innervation to the heart
Vagus
63
which nerve innervates the pericardium
phrenic
64
Function of left atrial appendage
can act as a decompression chamber when atrial pressure is high.

cardiology and respiratory (10 decks)

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