cardiology

Question 1

the heart is supplied by

Answer 1

the left and right coronary arterie s

Question 2

At whatBlood flow to the myocardium occurs

Answer 2

mainly during diastole

Question 3

Compared to other veins, the oxygen saturation in coronary venous blood is very low (often O2 saturation of only 35%). This is because…

Answer 3

oxygen extraction by the heart muscle is very high

Question 4

Where is oxygen extraction by the heart muscle is very high

Answer 4

inferior surface of heart

Question 5

released upon cell activation and contains a high conc of a molecule that acts as an agonist

Answer 5

platelet dense granules

Question 6

responsible for apex beat in midclavicular line

Answer 6

left v

Question 7

prevents backflow of blood in ventricular systole

Answer 7

mitral valve

Question 8

carries oxy blood from lungs to left side of heart

Answer 8

pulmonary vein

Question 9

prevents high pressures developing in the jugular veins during ventricular systole

Answer 9

tricuspid valve

Question 10

carries deoxy blood back to the right atrium

Answer 10

inferior vena cava

Question 11

ventricular repolarisation is what wave

Answer 11

t wave

Question 12

normal duration120 to 200 for what interval

Answer 12

pr interval

Question 13

asseses the electrical activity within lateral myocardial territory

Answer 13

j leads

Question 14

what is the definition of membrane potential

Answer 14

difference in electric potential between the interior and exterior of a cell

Question 15

define blood flow

Answer 15

the volume of blood that flows through the systemic circulation

Question 16

What is anemia hypoxia

Answer 16

Blood defect that occurs when the bloods ability to carry oxygen decreases

Question 17

What is sickle cell anemia

Answer 17

Inherited blood disorder

Not enough healthy Rbc to carry oxygen throughout the body

Question 18

Lifespan of a platelet

Answer 18

7-10 days

Question 19

Contents of platelets

Answer 19

Plasma membrane 
Cytoskeleton 
Dense tubular system 
Secretory granules
Water 
Albumin 
Transport proteins

Question 20

Two types of bleeding

Answer 20

Platelet or haemophilia

Question 21

Types of platelet bleeding

Answer 21

PetechiaL rash

Surface of skin

Question 22

Haemophilia bleeding types

Answer 22

Large suffusions
A b c haemophilia
Muscle or joint bleed

Question 23

What is thrombocytopenia

Answer 23

Condition in which you have low blood platelet count

Question 24

What and where is the apex beat

Answer 24

Strongest heartbeat
Left 5th intercostal space
Mid clavicular line

Question 25

Right heart border ?

Answer 25

Svc and right atrium

Question 26

Left heart border ?

Answer 26

Aortic knuckle Left pa La appendage Lv

Question 27

Anterior heart border

Answer 27

Right ventricle

Question 28

Posterior heart border

Answer 28

Left atrium and pulmonary veins

Question 29

What divides the posterior and inferior mediastinum

Answer 29

Plane between sternal angle , t4/5

Question 30

Contents of superior mediastinum

Answer 30

``` Descending aorta Oesophagus Thoracic duct Azygos vein Vagus nerve ```

Question 31

Role of vagus verve

Answer 31

Motor - innervate muscles of the pharynx | Sesnosry - for the epiglottis

Question 32

Function of papillary muscles

Answer 32

contract during systole to prevent prolapse of the valve into atria

Question 33

Function of chordate tendinae

Answer 33

Help to maintain and support the position of valves

Question 34

What is cardiac tampendade

Answer 34

Extra fluid in the pericardium

Question 35

Function of Christa terminalis

Answer 35

Anatomic conduction barrier

Question 36

Where does the coronary sinus drain blood into

Answer 36

Into the right atrium

Question 37

What is the fossa oval is

Answer 37

Remains of the foremen ovale which was patent in foetal life which separated the two atria

Question 38

Where do the coronary arteries run

Answer 38

In the grooves such as between ventricle and atria

Question 39

What does the left main stem coronary artery brain into

Answer 39

Lad and circumflex artery

Question 40

What does the right main stem coronary artery branch off into

Answer 40

Acute marginal | PDA

Question 41

What groove does the LAD run in

Answer 41

Anterior interventricul groove

Question 42

Principal site of resistance to vascular flow ?

Answer 42

Arterioles

Question 43

Pulse pressure ?

Answer 43

Systolic _ diastolic pressure

Question 44

Most potent vasoconstrictor

Answer 44

Endothelin-1

Question 45

Where are the primary baroreceptors located

Answer 45

Carotid sinus and aortic arch

Question 46

Anp?

Answer 46

Atria natriuretic peptide

Question 47

how does skeletal muscle differ from cardiac

Answer 47

Cardiac muscle is striated, branching and contains intercalated discs- these features are not found in skeletal muscle

Question 48

define tachycardia and bradycardia

Answer 48

tach - bmp over 100 | brady bmp less than 60

Question 49

What causes blood to flow closer to the skin

Answer 49

Vasodilation

Question 50

Which layer of blood vessels contain endothelial cells that reduce the friction of blood

Answer 50

Tunica intima