Cardio Physio Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
What conditions can present with different BP in extremities?
A
CoA
Dissecting Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
2
Q
What mutation is seen in Brugada syndrome
A
5CN5A (sodium channel)
3
Q
Apperance of Macrophages in MI
A
4-7 days
4
Q
Paroxysmal, recurrent precodial or substernal chest pain, caused by transient myocardial ischemia which falls shor of infarction
A
Angina Pectoris
5
Q
maintains cell to cell cohesion
A
intercalated disc
6
Q
Sympathetic Pathway is mediated by what neurotransmitter?
A
Norepinephrine
7
Q
Most common reason for pump failure?
A
myocardial hypertrophy usually sec to HPN
8
Q
Excess of this ion cause the heart to be become dialated and flaccid
A
potassium same in sodium
9
Q
Compare Cardiac vs Skeletal Muclses
A
Cardiac muscles: Striated intercalaeted disk, Gap junctions Involunatary automaticity/rythmicity More T tubules Less developed Sar. Retic Intra/Extra Calscium vs Intra only in skeletal More abundant Mitochondria Negative Fatigue tetanus
10
Q
It is directly proportional to the viscosity of the blood
A
resistance
11
Q
Cardiac-limb or ventriculoradial malformation
TBXS
A
Holt-Oram syndrome
12
Q
Major determinants of Myocardial Oxygen demand
A
Rate
Tension
Contractility
13
Q
4 cardinal features of TOF
A
Pulmonary stenosis
RVH
Overriding Aorta
VSD
14
Q
Most important determinant in stroke
A
Pulse Pressure
15
Q
CAD angina Equivalent
A
Symptoms of dyspnea, fatigue and faintness
16
Q
Palliative mgt for TOF
A
Blalock-Taussig Shunt
17
Q
MVP is associated with what diseases?
A
Elhers Denlos
Marfan’s
18
Q
Murmur in PDA
A
Machinery Like
19
Q
ECG in Brugada Syndrome
A
V1-V3 RBBB, ST Elevation
20
Q
COD in BruSy
A
Vfib
21
Q
Most common site of Coarctation of the Ao
A
Juxtaductal below the origin of the left Subclavian A.
22
Q
Mosot Comon Cause of Diminished blood flow
A
Coronary Atherosclerosis
23
Q
“myxomatous degeneration” on histology
A
MVP
24
Q
found in the posterior wall of the right atrium with delay of impulse
A
AV node
25
Factors that influence contractility
Increased HR
Sympathetic stimulation
Cardiac glycosides
Parasympathetic stiumulation
26
Most common form of ASD
Ostium Secundum
27
Pentalogy of Fallot
+ASD or PDA
28
CAD relieved by rest and NTG
Stable angina
29
Where is the SA node located?
wall of the RA lateral to the SINUS VENARUM at the junction where the SVA enters the R atrium
30
Erb's point
S2 heart sound
31
Late latency period of the parasympathetic pathway is due to rapid activation of what channel?
Potassium channels in cardiac cells
32
What phase is caused by inward Ca+ current drivein the memrane potental toward Ca+ equillibrium potental
Phase 0
33
Describes the distensibility of the blood vessels
Capacitance(compliance)
34
All 4 veins drain into the R atrium
TAPV
35
CHD caused by Rubella infected mother
PDA
36
"Mid Systolic Click"
MVP
37
Necrosis of the inner 1/3 or 1/2 of the ventricle
Subendocardiac Infarction
38
Blood flow that is streamlined
Laminar flow
39
Contuction velocity in atrial muscle
0.3 - 0.5
40
"Snowman appearance"
TAPVR
41
Tet spells mgt
O2 Admin
| B blockers - Propanolol
42
Acute Plaque change and superimposed thrombosis
Transmural Infarction (STEMI)
43
MC site of Dissection of the Aorta
Ascending
44
Exagerated fall of 10mmHg or more in SBP in inspiration
pulsus paridoxus
45
It takes 5-20 seconds for the purkinhe fiver to emit its own impulses
Stokes-Adams syndrome
46
MC cardiac anomaly in Down's Syndrome
Endocardial cushion defect
47
Vesel used to assess the JVP
Internal Jugular vein
48
"Egg in its side"
TOGA
49
Clinical Manifestations of TOF
Cyanosis
Dyspnea on exertion
Paroxysmal hypercyanotic attacks
TET spells
50
What form of CoAo is proximal to the PDA
Intantile
51
Treatment of MI
Aspirin
Morphine
Sublingual NTG
52
Failure of decline in JVP during inspiration
Kussmaul's sign
53
__% lumen occluded will be symptomatic in CAD
70%
54
MC Cause of Death in Subendocardial MI
VFib
55
T or F: Capacitance is lesser in veins than arteries
False
56
Killips Class
Class 1
Class 2 HF
Class 3 Pulmonary Edema
Class 4 Cardiogenic Shock
57
pressure gradient/Total peripheral resitance
Blood flow
58
RMP is about -90mv approching K equillibrium potential
Cardiac Muscle Action potential
59
CHD incompatible with life, DM mothers
TOGA
60
Cardiomyopathy secondary to desmosomal mutation
ARVD
61
Major risk Factors of MI?
smoking
HPN
DM
Hpyerlipidemia
62
Sudden Autosomal Cardiac Death
Brugada Syndrome
63
Left side murmur is increased during?
Expiration
64
Reflex seen with Hypertension and Tachycadira in 1/4 of the patients with MI
James Reflex
65
Hyperkeratosis + ARVD
Naxos dse
66
Lung hypoplasia in sinus vinosum ASD
Schimitary syndrome
67
MC congenital cyanotic anomaly
TOF
68
Phase where there is inward Na+ current
Phase 4
69
highest proportion of blood in the CVS
Veins
70
Single most important measurement @ bedside for volume status
JVP
71
DOC of Prinzemetal Angina
CCB
72
Yellow pallor in MI appears when?
within 1-7 days
73
S4
Late diastolie ("atrial kick")
Considered abdnormal
Seen in high atrial pressure
74
Mortality rate increases up to 80% in AS patients with
Syncope
Angina
Dyspnea
75
the site of highest resistance on the CVS
arterioles
76
"Hourglass"
Supravalvular Ao. Stenosis
77
Aortic tear, MI like with widening of the mediastinum
Aortic Dissection
78
Dyspnea when standing
Platypnea
79
Action Potential phase caused by K incease and inactivation of Ca+ channel
Phase 3
80
Associated with Turner's?
Coarctation of the Ao
81
S3
sound in early diastole during rapid ventricular filling. Assoc. with increased filling pressures (eg. MR, HF) and more common in dilated ventricles
82
3 sign
Coarctation of the Ao
83
PE findings in NSTEMI
Chest pain >30mins
pallor
PERSPIRATION
84
Predicts whether blood flow will be laminar or turbulent
Reynold's number
85
Microscopic consequences during the 4th-24th hour in MI
Coagulative Necrosis
86
CAD risk equivalent
DM
| Age>65
87
Insulin induces what inotrophic effect?
Positive
88
Xray result in CoAo
"Rib-notching"
89
R-L shunting, inc Hct, Clubbing, cyanosis
Eisenmenger
90
Right Vagus affects the ___ node
SA node
91
Positive inotropic effect causes
increase contractility
92
hypotension and bradycardia is seen in ___% of the patients
50%
93
Phase that is no present in SA node action potential
Phases 1 and 2
94
Turbulent flow conditions
Fast blood flow
Sharp turn
Obstruction
Roughening of blood vessel surface
95
Conduction is fastest and slowest where?
Slowest AV
| Fastest Purkinje
96
Normal difference of pressure in the Extremities
<20mmHg both arms
| >20mmHg lower ex
97
MC congenital defect
VSD
98
S1
Mitral and TV valve closure. Loudest at mitral area
99
NYHA Class with Marked limitation of physical activity
Class III
100
Benign Condition aka Systolic Click Syndrome
MVP
101
Gold Standard for PDA mgt
Surgery
102
Most common type of VSD
Membranous
103
Most sensitive/Specific for Myocardial dmg
Troponin
104
Vaospasm, Isovolemic changes, VERAPAMIL+NTG
Prinzmetal Angina
105
Complications of MI
```
S hock
P ericarditis
A rrythmias
R V infarction
T hromboembolism
A ngina
F ailure (CHF)
L V aneurysm
D ysfunction, LV
```
106
weak, delayed pulse seen in A. Stenosis
Pulsus tardus Et pavus
107
AV condution tissue is inhbited by?
Left Vagus
108
Venous pressure anatomical landmark
Angle of louis+5cm below--->righ atrium
109
MC common presentation in teens with CoAo
HPN
110
Trilogy of Fallot
minus overriding of the Ao
111
Right sided HF caused by pulmonary HPN from Intrinsic Lung Disease
Cor pulmonale
112
S2
aortic and pulmonic valve closure. Loudest in the upper sternal border
113
3 Internodal Pathways and their names
Anterior (bachman) iner
Middle (Wenkebach) edge
Posterior (Thorel) thru
114
Double Systolic Apical Pulses is seen in?
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
115
Excess in the ECF causes the heart to go toward spastic contraction
Calcium
116
Hormones that affect Cardiac output
```
Adrenomedullary hormone
Adrenocortical hormone
Insulin
Thyroid
Glucagon
```
117
Xray result in TOF
Boot shaped heart
