Respiratory Must knows

Question 1

Collapsing pressure is inversely proportional to the alveolar radius, such that smaller alveolie experience larger collapsing pressure

Answer 1

Laplace’s Law

Question 2

Surfactant is secreted by?

Answer 2

Type 2 epithelial cells

Question 3

Normally accounts for the largest proportion of the total work of breathing

Answer 3

Compliance resistance

Question 4

Airflow resistance= (air viscocity)(airway length)/airway radius

Answer 4

Poiseuille’s law

Question 5

T or F: Airway diameter is reduced by smooth muscle contraction & excess secretions in obstructive airway diseases.

Answer 5

Airway diameter is reduced by smooth muscle contraction & excess secretions in restrictive airway diseases

Question 6

Volume inspired or expired with each normal breath?

Answer 6

Tidal Volume (500ml)

Question 7

Volume that can be inspired over and above the TV?

Answer 7

Inspiratory reserve volume (3000ml)

Question 8

Volume that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration?

Answer 8

Residual Volume (1000ml)

Question 9

Dynamic air trapping during exercise is a major limitation to reigorous activity in patients with what disease?

Answer 9

COPD

Question 10

Maximum volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal inspiration?

Answer 10

Inspiratory Capacity

Question 11

The amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal tidal expiration

Answer 11

Functional residual capacity

Question 12

Maximum volume of air expired after maximal inspiration; synonymous with forced vital capacity

Answer 12

Vital Capacity

Question 13

The maximum volume of air in the lungs after a maxiumum inspiration

Answer 13

Total Lung Capacity

Question 14

Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled in 1 second after a maximum inspiration

Answer 14

Forced expiratory volume

Question 15

T or F: FEV1/FVC ratio is increased in obstructing lung disease

Answer 15

False: FEV1/FVC ration is decreased in obstructive lung disease and increased in restrictive lung disease

Question 16

The portions of the lung that are ventilated but in which no gas exchange occurs

Answer 16

Pulmonary dead space

Question 17

What are the three types of dead space?

Answer 17

Anatomic
Alveolar
Physiologic

Question 18

Volume of conducting airways not involved in gas exchange. Approx ___ml

Answer 18

Anatomic dead space. 150 ml.

Question 19

Ventilated alveoli that are not perfused

Answer 19

Alveolar dead space

Question 20

What type of dead space increases during mechanical ventilation

Answer 20

Anatomic dead space

Question 21

What circulation receives the entire cardiac output?

Answer 21

Pulmonary Circulation

Question 22

What zone in the lung has no blood flow during the cardiac cycle?

Answer 22

Zone 1

Question 23

Partial pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture of gases is proportional to the fractional concentration of that gas

Answer 23

Dalton’s law

Question 24

P02 in the atmosphere?

Answer 24

160mmHg

Question 25

P02 in the humidified tracheal air?

Answer 25

150mmHg

Question 26

What is Flick's law?

Answer 26

The rate of diffusion is in part proportional to the concentration gradient of O2 across the pulmonary membrane

Question 27

Processes that impair oxygen diffusion

Answer 27

Decreased O2 pressure gradient (high altitude) Decreased surface area (emphysema) Increased diffusion distance (fibrosis)

Question 28

Noraml V/Q ratio at rest

Answer 28

0.8

Question 29

What part of the lungs are underperfused and overventilated

Answer 29

Lung apices

Question 30

blood that bypasses the lungs or for another reason does no participate in gas exchange

Answer 30

shunt

Question 31

__% the flow of blood that enters the heart and is shunted past the gas exchange areas and is no oxygenated

Answer 31

bronchial venous shunt flow - 2%

Question 32

Right shift of the O2 dissociation curve means

Answer 32

Increased hydrogen ions(dec pH) increased CO2 increased temperature increased BPG

Question 33

Co2 in transported in the blood in the form of?___%?

Answer 33

HC03 (70%)

Question 34

inside RBC CO2 reacts with water to form ____ by _____?

Answer 34

carbonic acid | carbonic anhydrase

Question 35

CO2 is transported in the blood in what forms?

Answer 35

HCO3 CarbanminoHgb dissolved CO2

Question 36

The act of Breathing is under the control of?

Answer 36

brainstem

Question 37

Controls the rythm of repiration

Answer 37

Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)

Question 38

Stimulates expiratory muscles, as in forced expiration

Answer 38

Ventral Respi Group (VRG)

Question 39

Central chemoreceptors reacts to?

Answer 39

pH and CO2

Question 40

Peripheral chemoreceptors reacts to?

Answer 40

O2, CO2, pH

Question 41

ABG value that suggests impending Acute Respiratory Failure

Answer 41

HC03 of >30

Question 42

Systemic decrease of P02 causes a chemoreflex mediated vaso____n throughout the lung

Answer 42

Vasoconstricion

Question 43

PA>Pa>Pv

Answer 43

Zone 1

Question 44

Pa>Pv>PA

Answer 44

Zone 3

Question 45

(RR) (Tidal Volume) = 6L/min

Answer 45

Minute Ventilation

Question 46

Alveolar Ventilation Calculation

Answer 46

RRx(TV-dead space)

Question 47

Dead space measurement

Answer 47

1ml/lbs