Cardiology Flashcards
(23 cards)
Which atria is thinner and larger?
Right atria have thinner walls and is larger
Name three semilunar valves
Tricuspid, aortic valve and pulmonary valve
Where does the ductus arteriosus run from?
Extends from the pulmonary trunk (de-oxygenated) into the descending aorta (oxygenated)
What are the three layers of the peripheral circulation?
Tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia
Which germ layer does the heart develop from and when is it functioning by?
Functioning by week 4 and heart arises from mesoderm
What determines orientation of organs?
Cilia which are small hairs determining the orientation
What is a septum primum?
Tissue that grows between the left and right atria and seperates the two by connecting to the endocardial cushion
What is the most common congenital cardiac anomaly in babies?
Ventricular septal defect but 30-50% spontaneously close
Name two complications of VSD
Eisenmengher syndrome and pulmonary hypertension
What is the ductus venosus?
Large venous shunt that develops within the liver and connects the umbilical vein with the IVC bypassing the liver and allowing oxygenated blood to pass from the placenta to the heart. The ductus venousus becomes the ligamentum venosum
What are congenital cardiac lesions that cause reduced pulmonary flow?
Right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta and ventricular septal defect
Which organism is the most common cause of endocarditis?
Staph aureus
What are the most common cardiac abnormalities in Turners?
Coarctation of aorta and bicuspid aortic valve
Name 4 things coarctation of the aorta is associated with?
- Turners, 2. Renal anomalies, 3. Berry aneurysm, 4. Bicuspid aortic valve
What is infantile coarctation?
The coarctation is after the aortic trunk and BEFORE the ductus arteriosus. As a result deoxygenated blood flows from the R ventricle to the ductus arteriosus and to the lower extremeties - blue. There is a patent ductus arteriosus
What is adult coarctation?
Coarctation is after the aortic trunk but there is no patent ductus arteriosus which means no mixing of oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood. Increased cerebral blood flow to upper extremities which means increased risk of berry aneurysms. The pressure downstream to lower extremities is LOWER
What is aspirin as a prenatal materanl factor associated with?
PPHN- persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn
What is lithium as a prenatal maternal factor associated with?
Ebstein anomaly
What is an ebstein anomaly?
The tricuspid valve sits much lower than it is meant to between the R atrium and ventricle
What is cardiac output?
The product of the volume of blood ejected by the right ventricle and the heart rate
What is the venous return?
Amount of blood flowing into the right atrium per minute from the systemic circulation
What is stroke volume?
Volume of blood ejected by each ventricle
