Infection & Immunology

Question 1

Can viruses synthesize their own energy or proteins?

Answer 1

No, they are dependent on the host cell

Question 2

What are the three features that help classify a virus?

Answer 2

1. Presence or viral nuclei acid- DNA or RNA, capsid size and presence of envelope

Question 3

What does the HPV do the host?

Answer 3

Malignant transformation caused by unrestrained growth, prolonged survival and morphological changes of the cell

Question 4

Describe the structure of the virus

Answer 4

Look at notebook

Question 5

Compare the size of the smallest bacteria and largest bacteria

Answer 5

Smalles bacteria- similar in size to the largest virus and largest bacteria similar in size to RBC

Question 6

Name two bacteria that cannot metabolise and grow themselves

Answer 6

Chlamydia and rickettsia

Question 7

Describe the structure of bacteria

Answer 7

Look at notebook

Question 8

Difference in the cell wall between gram negative and gram positive bacteria

Answer 8

Gram negative - thin peptidoglycan layer surrounded by an outer lipid membrane. The periplasmic space of gram negatives may contain B lactamase which degraded antibiotics such as penicillin.

Gram positive - just have a thick peptidoglycan wall ad no outer membrane

Question 9

What element of the gram negative and gram positive bacteria cause septic shock?

Answer 9

Gram negative- endotoxin- lipopolysaccharide in their outer lipid membrane can cause shock

Teichoic acid only found in gram positive can cause septic shock

Question 10

Name four organisms that have a polysaccharide capsule helping them avoid phagocytosis

Answer 10

Strep pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidess, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and E.coli

Question 11

Which is the most dangerous serotype of Haemophillus influenza?

Answer 11

Haemophilus influenza type B

Question 12

What color does gram negative and positive stain?

Answer 12

Gram negative - pink/red
Gram positive - blue/purple because the dye is retained in the thick cell wall

Question 13

Name three classes of eukaryotes

Answer 13

Fungi, protozoa and helminths

Question 14

Name two spore forming protazoa

Answer 14

Plasmodiu, toxoplasma gondii

Question 15

Name two flagellate protozoa

Answer 15

Giardia intestinalis, trichomonas

Question 16

Name two amoeboid protazoa

Answer 16

entamoeba histolytica- causes liver abscess or amoebic dysentry

Question 17

What are amoeboid protozoa?

Answer 17

They have pseudopods for locomotion and feeding