MSK Flashcards
(47 cards)
Where does the MSK system develop from?
Mesodermal layer
What are the 5 steps involved in endochondrial ossification?
- Cartilage formation - the mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes and these secrete collagen and proteoglycans
- Chondrocyte proliferation and maturation
- Cartilage calcification
- Blood vessels and osteoblasts invade the calcified cartilage and leads to deposition of bone tissue
- Cartilage is replaced by bone
What is fusion of digits called?
Syndactyly
What is amniotic fluid band syndrome?
Some of the amniotic sac fibres pull away and wrap around the foetus during fetal development
Difference in postaxial hand polydactyly in african children vs white children
Autosomal dominant in black children and isolated disorder. In white children - autosomal recessive and usually syndromic
Risk factors for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Family hx, female gender, oligohydramnios, breech position, swaddling.The hip joint doesnt form properly and leads to a loose joint
What are drugs (especially when taken between 4-8 weeks gestation) can affect limb defects?
Thalidomide, warfarin, phenytoin, valproic acid and acetazolamide
What is amniotic band syndrome associated with?
Increased risk of cleft lip/palate and talipes equinovarus
How is developmental dysplasia of the hip diagnosed?
Ultrasound under 4 months and Hip X ray if older
How is DDH treated and which hip is more commonly affected?
Left hip and treated with pavlik harness
What is avsacular necrosis?
When the primary nutrient vessel to a bone is interuppted it can cause the cellular death of the bone.
Which age group does perthes disease affect?
Young boys 4-8 years
What is perthes?
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head
What is slipped upper femoral epiphyses and which age group does it affect?
Epiphysis of the femoral head displaces posteroinferiorly and needs prompt treatment. 10-15 years (obese boy or endorcine abnormalities )
What is felty syndrome?
Splenomegaly + rheumatoid arthritis + neutropenia
What is diffuse idiopathic pain syndrome?
Body responds abnormally to harmless stimuli and usually in different regions of the body. Can have stabbing pain, abdominal pain etc
What is affected in nursemaids elbow or pulled elbow?
The annular ligament which basically a fribous band of tissue that encircles the head of the radius
What is osteogenesis imperfecta?
Mutations in COL1A1 and COL1A2 result in abnormalities in the production of alpha chain of type 1 collagen
Type 1 vs Type 2 osteogensis imperfecta- name some features
Autosomal dominant and typical blue scelra appearance. Type 2 - lethal form and stillborns, multiple fractures before birth
What is osteomalacia/ rickets?
Lack of vitamin D from dietary intake and sun exposure . Features include bossed forehead, bone pain, bowed limbs
What is osteopetrosis?
Marbe bone disease, autosomal recessive and increased bone density. Bone marrow transplant can be curaive
Name some clinical features of juvenile dermatomyositis
Heliotrope rash over face, periorbital oedema, gottrons papules, proximal muscle weakness
Name some clinical features of Marfans (autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder)
Tall stature, long digits, hyperextensible joints, high arched palate, dislocation of the lenses of the eye, pneumothorax
What is rhizomelic pattern of shortening and name a condition that has this
Proximal limbs such as upper arms and thighs are shorter, anchondroplasia (dwarfism)
