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Flashcards in Cardiology Deck (17)
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1
Q

Collapsing pulse

A

Aortic regurgitation

2
Q

Pulse in cardiac tamponade

A

Paradoxical

(abnormally large decrease in systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration)

ALSO occurs in left ventricular compression, constrictive pericarditis or severe asthma

3
Q

Alterans pulse

A

Severe left ventricular failure

  • regular rhythm but with alternating beats which are weak and then strong
  • It is found in patients with severe heart failure and suggests a poor prognosis
4
Q

Slow rising pulse

A

Aortic stenosis

5
Q

Absent pulse

A

Takayasu’s arteritis

-narrowing of major arteries such as the renal, carotid, subclavian etc

6
Q

A 42 year old man with central chest pain. Movement exacerbated the pain and the anterior chest wall is tender

A

Tietze’s disease
This is caused by inflammation around the costosternal junctions

It may be bilateral or unilateral and the chest wall is very tender over the affected area.

7
Q

A 67 year old man industrial worker with left sided chest pain and long term pleural plawues

A

Mesothelioma

8
Q

An obese 42 year old woman with central chest pain going through to her back, which is aggravated by sitting forward. The pain seems to be worse at night and after large meals

A

GORD

9
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depolarisation

10
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarisation

11
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarisation

12
Q

QT interval

A

Rough indication of the duration of ventricular systole

13
Q

First heart sound coincides with what on the ECG?

A

QRS complex

14
Q

When does the 2nd heart sound occur on the ECG?

A

At the same time as the T wave

15
Q

Causes of narrow pulse pressure (<30mmHg)

A
Tachycardia
Severe Aortic Stenosis
Constrictive Pericarditis
Pericardial Effusion
Ascites
16
Q

Causes of widened pulse pressure (>40mmHg)

A
Pathophysiology in Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Suggests reduced large artery vascular compliance
Best Blood Pressure marker for cardiovascular risk
Causes
Isolated Systolic Hypertension
Aortic Regurgitation
Thyrotoxicosis
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Arteriovenous fistula
Beriberi heart
Aortic Coarctation
Anemia
Emotional state
17
Q

Ejection systolic murmurs

A

Associated with aortic stenosis and are usually harsh, radiating to the neck

Ejection systolic murmurs can occur in severe aortic regurgitation, due to the large stroke volume passing through the aortic valve with each systolic contraction of the left ventricle

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy can also cause an ejection systolic murmur

Aortic sclerosis may produce an ejection systolic murmur

Pulmonary stenosis