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11_Pediatrics > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Systolic ejection murmur at 2nd LICS, widely split S2

PE: right sided enlargement

A

ASD

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2
Q

systolic regurgitant murmur at LLSB, loud and single S2

PE: left sided enlargement; biventricular hypertrophy if with Eisenmenger syndrome

A

VSD

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3
Q

Continuous “machinery-like” murmur at the 2nd left infraclavicular area
PE: bounding pulses, wide pulse pressure, left-sided enlargement, enlarged aorta

A

PDA

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4
Q

MC cyanotic heart disease in newborns

A

TGA

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5
Q

Main pathologic mechanism behind the hypercyanotic spells or Tet spells in TOF

A

due to decreased pulmonary blood flow

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6
Q

cardiac defect associated with Down syndrome

A

presence of endocardial cushion defect

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7
Q

cardiac defect associated with Marfan syndrome

A

MVP and progressive enlargement of the aorta

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8
Q

cardiac defect associated with Hunter syndrome or MPS II

A

thickening of cardiac valves

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9
Q

cardiac defect associated with Noonan syndrome

A

pulmonary stenosis

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10
Q

cyanosis manifesting within few hours at birth or within few days of life

A

TGA

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11
Q

cyanosis after 1st year of life usually in an infant or a toddler

A

TOF

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12
Q

Weak or absent femoral pulses; BP arms > legs; rib notching in xray

A

Coarctation of aorta

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13
Q

systolic ejection murmur at LUSB with radiation to upper back

A

Pulmonic stenosis

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14
Q

systolic ejection murmur at RUSB

A

Aortic stenosis

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15
Q

Procedure for coarctation of aorta

A

Primary reanastomosis or patch aortoplasty

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16
Q

Procedure for pulmonic stenosis

A

Balloon valvuloplasty

Valvotomy (Brock procedure)

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17
Q

Procedure for aortic stenosis

A 
Balloon valvuloplasty 
Ross procedure (valve translocation)
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18
Q

Boot-shaped/ Couer en sabot

A

TOF

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19
Q

Egg on string

A

TGA

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20
Q

Snowman

A

TAPVR

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21
Q

Figure of 8

A

TAPVR

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22
Q

Rib notching

A

coarctation of aorta

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23
Q

inverted E

A

coarctation of aorta

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24
Q

3 sign

A

coarctation of aorta

25
Q

late systolic murmur with an opening click

A

MVP

26
Q

disparity in pulsation and BP in arms anf legs, weak popliteal, posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis pulses

A

CoA

27
Q

S2 widely split and fixed in all phases of respiration

A

ASD

28
Q

loud, harsh, blowing holosystolic murmur

A

VSD

29
Q

Blalock-Taussig shunt with GoreTex conduit

A

TOF

30
Q

Aortopulmonary window shunt

A

TOF

31
Q

Waterson Cooley

A

TOF

32
Q

Pott shunt

A

TOF

33
Q

Rashkind Atrial Septostomy

A

TGA

34
Q

Jantene Arterial Switch

A

TGA

35
Q

Senning and Mustard

A

TGA

36
Q

Fontan procedure

A

Tricuspid atresia

37
Q

Norwood procedure

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

38
Q

Glenn anastomosis

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

39
Q

Rubella

A

PDA

40
Q

DM

A

TGA

41
Q

Lupus

A

Complete heart block

42
Q

Aspirin

A

Persistent pulmonary HTN

43
Q

Alcohol

A

VSD and PS

44
Q

Lithium

A

Ebstein anomaly

45
Q

Mnemonics: minor crtieria for RF

A

FRAPE
-fever, risk factor (pre RH or RHD), arthralgia, prolonged PR interval on ECG, Elevated acute phase reactants: ESR/CRP/leukocytosis

46
Q

Most consistent feature of acute rheumatic fever

A

Valvulitis

47
Q

ASO titers usually become elevated __wks after strep infection, peaks at __ wks, and decreases after another __wks

A

2 wks
4-6
2 wks

48
Q

antibiotic therapy once diagnosis of RF has been mafde regardless of throat culture results

A

10 days of oral penicillin or erythromycin
OR
single IM injection of benzathine Pen G

Afterwhich, long-term antibiotic prophylaxis

49
Q

RF without carditis prophylaxis

A

5 yo or until 21 yo whichever is longer

50
Q

RF with carditis but without residual HD (no VD)

A

10 yo or until 21 yo whichever is longer

51
Q

RF with carditis and residual HD (persistent VD)

A

10 yo or until 40 yo whichever is longer, sometimes lifelong prophylaxis

52
Q

top 2 common organisms causing IE

A

viridans Strep

S. aureus

53
Q

Mnemonics: Duke Criteria

A

BE FEVERIsh
Major: Blood culture + Echo finding
Minor: fever, echo finding, vascular phenomena, evidence (microbial), risk factor, immunologic

54
Q

tender, pea-sized intradermal nodules in the pads of fingers and toes

A

Osler nodes

55
Q

painless small, erythematous, hemorrhagic lesions on the palms and soles

A

Janeway lesions

56
Q

fish-mouth buttonhole deformity

A

mitral valve stenosis

57
Q

How to differentiate murmur of VSD vs MR

A

VSD- no transmission to to the LAAL

MR- with transmission to LAAL

58
Q

high-pitched diastolic murmur loudest at 3rd to 4th LICS, more audible when sitting and leaning forward

A

AR

59
Q

diastolic thrill at 3rd LICS, hyperdynamic precordium, bounding water hammer pulse/ Corrigan pulse, wide pulse pressure

A

AR

11_Pediatrics (14 decks)

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