Cardiology

Question 1

Normally, where is the higher pressure area of the heart?

Answer 1

Left side

Question 2

What are the diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki’s?

Answer 2

Fever * 5 days, contractiva retinopathy, rash that is polymorphic, adenopathy, strawberry lips and tongue, hands that are swollen and then peel Fiery CRASH

Question 3

What congenital heart defect is associated with a boot-shaped heart on x-ray?

Answer 3

Tetralogy of fallot

Question 4

14 steps of blood flow through the heart.

Answer 4

Inferior / superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonic valve, pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, body

Question 5

What are the Jones criteria?

Answer 5

Criteria used to diagnose rheumatic fever

Question 6

What two valves are smaller and make the quieter lub sound, S1?

Answer 6

Tricuspid and mitral

Question 7

What genetic syndrome is associated with aortic arch anomalies?

Answer 7

DiGeorge syndrome

Question 8

What systolic ejection murmur is best heard at the left upper sternal border?

Answer 8

Atrial septal defect

Question 9

What lab findings are associated with Kawasaki disease?

Answer 9

Elevated ESR and CRP

Question 10

what congenital heart defect is associated with a loud systolic ejection click at the middle and upper left sternal border?

Answer 10

Tetrology of flow

Question 11

What innocent murmur is best heard at the right upper sternal border?

Answer 11

Venus hum

Question 12

What infection precipitates rheumatic fever?

Answer 12

Group a strep

Question 13

Where are diastole sounds?

Answer 13

Between S2 and s1

Question 14

What aspect of the heart is most often affected by rheumatic fever?

Answer 14

Mitral valve

Question 15

Where are aortic or mitral sounds heard?

Answer 15

Apex or Erb’s point

Question 16

What two valves are larger and make the louder dub sound, S2?

Answer 16

Pulmonic and aortic

Question 17

What do blood pressure and pulse oximetry variations between the upper and lower extremities signify?

Answer 17

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 18

Will an innocent murmur be louder or softer when sitting compared to standing?

Answer 18

Louder when sitting

Question 19

What innocent murmur is best heard at the left lower sternal border and the apex

Answer 19

Still’s murmur

Question 20

What congenital heart defect is an egg on a string on x-ray?

Answer 20

Transposition of the great arteries

Question 21

What murmur is a holocystolic machinery sound?

Answer 21

Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 22

What are the four defects of tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 22

Large VSD, pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 23

What change occurs at birth in the heart?

Answer 23

Decrease in the fetal pulmonary vascular resistance and increase in the systemic vascular resistance

Question 24

What is the leading cause of coronary artery disease in children of an infectious etiology?

Answer 24

Kawasaki disease

Question 25

What is secondary hypertension?

Answer 25

Hypertension as a symptom of other organ dysfunction

Question 26

What is the most common innocent murmur?

Answer 26

Still's murmur

Question 27

What congenital heart defect is associated with a systolic ejection click, and a systolic thrill best hurt at the right upper sternal border?

Answer 27

Aortic stenosis

Question 28

What is a tet spell?

Answer 28

Child's response to hypersonic episode where they pull their knees up for better circulation

Question 29

What murmur is due to turbulence in the left ventricular outflow tract?

Answer 29

Still's murmur

Question 30

What systolic ejection murmur is a hollow systolic thrill heard the left lower external border

Answer 30

Ventricular septal defect

Question 31

What aspect of tetralogy of fallot determines how soon surgery will be?

Answer 31

Size of the VSD could allow for a delay in surgery until the child can grow

Question 32

Where are systole sounds?

Answer 32

Between s1 and S2

Question 33

Where are aortic sounds heard?

Answer 33

Right upper sternal border

Question 34

Where are aortic sounds heard?

Answer 34

Right upper sternal border

Question 35

What genetic defect is associated with aortic regurgitation in mitral valve prolapse?

Answer 35

Marfan syndrome

Question 36

what secondary congenital heart defect is necessary for a child with transmission of the great arteries to survive until surgery?

Answer 36

Ventricular septal defect

Question 37

Where are pulmonic sounds heard?

Answer 37

Left upper sternal border

Question 38

What congenital heart defect is associated with an aortic click best heard at the Apex?

Answer 38

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 39

At birth what area has higher pressure?

Answer 39

Right side of heart

Question 40

What congenital heart defect is best heard at the left upper sternal border as a systolic ejection click or thrill?

Answer 40

Pulmonic stenosis

Question 41

How is hypertension diagnosed?

Answer 41

Average blood pressure greater than the 95th percentile with measures obtained on at least three separate occasions

Question 42

What are the four minor criteria of the Jones criteria?

Answer 42

Arthralgia, fever, elevated inflammatory levels, evidence of a group a strep infection

Question 43

What maneuver can be done to test for a venous hum?

Answer 43

Turning head and/or compressing neck ipsilaterally will cause sound to disappear

Question 44

What is the treatment of Kawasaki disease?

Answer 44

High dose aspirin therapy

Question 45

What purpose does a patented ductus arteriosus serve in the fetus?

Answer 45

Small hole between the pulmonary arteries and the aorta that allows maternal blood to circulate in the body as lungs develop

Question 46

List the five major manifestations of the Jones criteria

Answer 46

Carditis, poly arthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous nodules

Question 47

Where are ventricular septal defect or tricuspid sounds heard?

Answer 47

Left lower sternal border

Question 48

What is a post infectious inflammatory disease that can affect the hearts, joints, and central nervous system?

Answer 48

Rheumatic fever

Question 49

How many aspects of the Jone's criteria are required to diagnose Rheumatic Fever?

Answer 49

2 major or 1 major and 2 minor

Question 50

How many Kawasaki criteria suggest a high likelihood of coronary vessel involvement?

Answer 50

fever AND 4 of the 6 critera

Question 51

What are the three phases of Kawasaki's disease?

Answer 51

Acute phase which is symptomatic, subacute which is the resolution of fever and other symptoms, convalescent which is the abnormal lab values remain abnormal

Question 52

If on high dose aspirin for Kawasaki disease when should the aspirin be stopped?

Answer 52

Stopped for 6 weeks if flu or chickenpox develop