Neurology

Question 1

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

Answer 1

olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, acoustic, glossopharyngeal, Vegas, spinal accessory, hypoglossal

Question 2

What are some of the most causative agents of bacterial meningitis in infants?

Answer 2

Group b strep, s pneumonia, h influenza

Question 3

What are iris Lisch nodules?

Answer 3

Black spots in the iris

Question 4

What kind of seizures are described as a sudden increase in muscle tone producing a number of characteristic postures, consciousness is usually partially or completely lost?

Answer 4

Tonic seizures

Question 5

What three cranial nerves are involved with eye movement?

Answer 5

3 4 and 6 or ocular motor, trochlear, abducens

Question 6

What age range of infants are at the highest risk of bacterial meningitis?

Answer 6

6 to 12 months

Question 7

What type of seizures are focal origin such as one hemisphere and can be described as either simple or complex?

Answer 7

Partial seizures

Question 8

What disorder is characterized by brief, abrupt, non-purposeful movements or utterances?

Answer 8

Tick disorders such as tourette syndrome

Question 9

What kind of seizures cause a sudden loss of consciousness with arrested respirations, urinary and/or fecal incontinence may occur, in the post-opital state is characterized by deep sleep, headache, disorientation, muscles comfort and nausea that can last minutes to hours?

Answer 9

Tonic clonic or grand mal

Question 10

What mechanism of headache pain causes the head and neck muscles to contract such as from tension or psychogenic headaches?

Answer 10

muscular contraction

Question 11

What medications are used to stop acute convulsive seizure attacks?

Answer 11

Lorazepam or other benzodiazepines such as Valium

Question 12

What cranial nerve deals with smell?

Answer 12

One or olfactory

Question 13

What mechanism of headache pain causes cranial artery distention resulting often from migraine fevers or systemic infection?

Answer 13

Vascular dilation

Question 14

What is the age that separates migraines with aura and migraine without a?

Answer 14

10 years old

Question 15

For seizures in adolescence what STD should be tested for?

Answer 15

Syphilis

Question 16

What kind of headache is due to dilation and excessive pulsation of branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 16

Migraines

Question 17

What cranial nerve moves the face, closes the mouth and eyes, deals with taste on the front, saliva and tear secretion?

Answer 17

Facial or 7

Question 18

What type of meningitis is most common in infants?

Answer 18

Viral meningitis

Question 19

What is the diagnostic criteria of neurofibromatosis?

Answer 19

Must have at least two: six or more CLS spots greater than five millimeters in a prepubital child or 15 mm in a post-pubertal child; two or more cutaneous neurofibromas; axillary or inguinal freckling; two or more iris Lisch nodules; distinctive ossius lesions; present in a first-degree relative

Question 20

What are some signs or symptoms of brain tumors in children?

Answer 20

Headache in the morning followed by vomiting, seizures, head tilt, behavioral changes, loss of developmental milestones

Question 21

What cranial nerve deals with phonation, gag reflex, carotid reflex swallowing, and taste in the back of the mouth?

Answer 21

Glossopharyngeal or 9

Question 22

What is the management of neurofibromatosis?

Answer 22

Refer to neurology

Question 23

what cranial nerve deals with the muscles of mastication and the sensation of the face, scalp, cornea, mucous membranes, and knows?

Answer 23

Trigeminal or 5

Question 24

What is the most common location of brain tumors in children?

Answer 24

Infra tutorial or brain stem tumors

Question 25

What are risk factors for female seizures?

Answer 25

Family history of sea disorder, tobacco use my mother during pregnancy, prematurity, frequent infections in the first year

Question 26

What four changes occur in the CSF of a patient with meningitis?

Answer 26

Cloudy, WBC's present, increase protein, decrease glucose

Question 27

What is von Recallinghausen disease?

Answer 27

Neurofibromatosis

Question 28

What type of seizures are typically described as head drop seizures caused by seven loss in muscle tone?

Answer 28

Atonic seizures

Question 29

What is the peak incidence of a febrile seizures?

Answer 29

1 and 3 years of age

Question 30

What kind of parcel seizure causes impaired consciousness?

Answer 30

Complex partial seizures

Question 31

Meningitis maneuvers: involuntary flexion of legs when neck is flexed?

Answer 31

Brudzinkis sign

Question 32

Describe an abdominal migraine

Answer 32

Episodic abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting followed or accompanied by headache

Question 33

What are some common signs of meningitis in older infants and children?

Answer 33

nuchal rigidity, photophobia, irritability, nausea, vomiting

Question 34

What cranial nerve deals with movement of trapezius and Sterno mastoid muscles?

Answer 34

Spinal accessory or 11

Question 35

What are two types of tic disorders?

Answer 35

Simple and complex motor tics Simple motor ticks and complex motor tics such as copropraxia (obscene gestures or writing) and vocal tics

Question 36

What medications are best for management of acute migraine attacks?

Answer 36

Triptans

Question 37

What are some Hallmark signs of meningitis in newborns and young infants?

Answer 37

Irritability or lethargy, bulging fontanelle, vomiting, poor feeding

Question 38

Meningitis maneuvers: flexion of the hip at 90° with the knee bent causes pain on extension of the leg?

Answer 38

Kernig's sign

Question 39

What cranial nerve deals with talking, swallowing, general sensation from the carotid body, and carotid reflux?

Answer 39

Vagus or 10

Question 40

What cranial nerve deals with hearing and equilibrium?

Answer 40

Acoustic or 8

Question 41

In an afebrile atient with headaches what are some worrying causes?

Answer 41

Space occupying lesions, hydrocephalus, hemorrhage, cerebral ischemia

Question 42

How do most female seizures present?

Answer 42

Tonic clinic lasting less than 5 minutes

Question 43

What are the two general categories of seizures?

Answer 43

Partial seizures and generalized seizures

Question 44

What type of seizures are often described as staring episodes, with very brief onset and termination, and always begin in childhood?

Answer 44

Absence seizures, or petit mal seizures

Question 45

What kind of partial seizure causes no loss of consciousness?

Answer 45

Simple partial seizure

Question 46

How are brain tumors diagnosed?

Answer 46

CT scan

Question 47

What cranial nerve deals with vision?

Answer 47

Two or optic

Question 48

What are the two general categories of seizures?

Answer 48

Partial seizures and generalized seizures

Question 49

What type of seizures are bilateral, involving both hemispheres?

Answer 49

Generalized seizures

Question 50

What mechanism of a headache pain is caused by space occupying lesions such as brain tumors abscesses or hematomas?

Answer 50

Traction

Question 51

What are the two categories of migraine headache?s

Answer 51

Migraine with aura and migraine without aura

Question 52

What cranial nerve moves the tongue?

Answer 52

Hypoglossal or 12

Question 53

Describe a confusional migraine.

Answer 53

No common in younger children, period of confusion disorientation followed by vomiting and deep sleep, headache may not be described

Question 54

And what mechanism of headache pain is caused by infection such as in meningitis or sinusitis?

Answer 54

Inflammation

Question 55

What is the most common age of brain tumors in children?

Answer 55

4 to 11 years