Cardiology_Flashcards
(12 cards)
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Definition: Death of heart muscle due to blockage in coronary artery. Signs/Symptoms: Chest pain/pressure, radiates to arm/jaw, SOB, nausea, diaphoresis, anxiety, denial.
Angina Pectoris
Definition: Chest pain due to temporary reduced blood flow to heart. Signs/Symptoms: Chest pain with exertion, relieved by rest or nitro, no permanent damage.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Definition: Heart cannot pump effectively, causing fluid backup. Signs/Symptoms: SOB, crackles, JVD, pedal edema, orthopnea, pink frothy sputum (L-sided).
Cardiac Tamponade
Definition: Fluid in pericardial sac compresses heart. Signs/Symptoms: Beck’s Triad – JVD, muffled heart sounds, narrowing pulse pressure; hypotension, weak pulses.
Tension Pneumothorax
Definition: Air trapped in pleural space compresses lung and heart. Signs/Symptoms: Absent breath sounds on one side, JVD, tracheal deviation (late), hypotension, cyanosis.
Pulmonary Embolism
Definition: Blood clot in lung artery blocking circulation. Signs/Symptoms: Sudden chest pain, SOB, tachycardia, hemoptysis, cyanosis.
Asystole
Definition: Complete absence of electrical activity in the heart. Signs/Symptoms: Flatline on ECG, no pulse, no breathing, unresponsive.
Ventricular Fibrillation (V-Fib)
Definition: Disorganized electrical activity preventing contraction. Signs/Symptoms: No pulse, no breathing, unresponsive; requires immediate defibrillation.
Ventricular Tachycardia (V-Tach)
Definition: Fast heart rhythm from ventricles. Signs/Symptoms: May be pulseless or stable; palpitations, dizziness, chest pain, hypotension.
Bradycardia
Definition: Heart rate less than 60 bpm. Signs/Symptoms: Dizziness, fatigue, SOB, syncope (fainting).
Tachycardia
Definition: Heart rate over 100 bpm. Signs/Symptoms: Palpitations, anxiety, chest pain, dizziness.
Shock
Definition: Inadequate tissue perfusion. Signs/Symptoms: AMS, cool clammy skin, tachycardia, hypotension, rapid breathing.
