Cardiovascular

Question 1

What blood vessel Carries blood away from the heart

Answer 1

Arteries

Question 2

What blood vessel Carries blood to the heart

Answer 2

Veins

Question 3

What forms transitions between arteries and veins

Answer 3

Capillaries

Question 4

The heart is located where in the thoracic cavity

Answer 4

Mediastinum

Question 5

The heart in contained in a fibrous sac called

Answer 5

The pericardium

Question 6

What are the three wall layers of the heart ?

Answer 6

Myocardium, epicardium, endocardium

Question 7

The middle and thickest layer of the heart which is the muscular layer is the

Answer 7

Myocardium

Question 8

The outermost layer of the heart wall is

Answer 8

Epicardium

Question 9

The membrane that lies on the internal surface of the myocardium. It is composed of thin, flat, simple squamous epithelium and forms the lining of the heart chambers

Answer 9

Endocardium

Question 10

The not so smooth inside surface of the myocardium that forms ridges and nipple like projections is called

Answer 10

Papillary muscles

Question 11

The _______ ventricular wall is thinner than the _____

Answer 11

Right, left

Question 12

Blood cycles through the body in a “____________”

Answer 12

Figure 8

Question 13

Why is cardiac muscle considered autorythmic

Answer 13

It can create its own contractions and relaxations through its internal conduction system

Question 14

Why is the wall of the right ventricle thinner than the wall of the left ventricle

Answer 14

The left ventricle does most of the work and is much larger

Question 15

What is the function of the chordae tendonae

Answer 15

To shut and open valves

Question 16

The large vein that brings deoxygenated blood from the systematic circulation to the heart

Answer 16

Vena cava

Question 17

What in the heart is considered the pace maker

Answer 17

SA node

Question 18

Where is the SA node located

Answer 18

The wall of the right atrium

Question 19

At rest the cardiac muscle is
(A) polarized
(B) depolarized

Answer 19

(A) polarized

Question 20

When the cardiac muscles are at rest where are the ions located ?

Answer 20

Na and Ca are located on the outer membrane of the cell and K is located inside the cell

Question 21

Is the myocardium contracting, causing a chamber to to empty itself of blood

Answer 21

Systole

Question 22

The myocardium relaxing and repolarizing after a contraction, allowing the chambers to fill with blood again. The resting phase

Answer 22

Diastole

Question 23

The sound lub is produced when then ______ and _______ valves snap shut (AV valves)

Answer 23

Tricuspid and mitral

Question 24

The sound dub from the heart is produced after ventricular systole and the _______ and _______ valves snap shut (SV valves)

Answer 24

Pulmonary and aortic

Question 25

A heart condition where one or more of the cardiac valves don’t close all the way which produces a murmur

Answer 25

Valvular insufficiency

Question 26

The volume of blood that is ejected out of the left ventricle over a unit of time, usually a minute

Answer 26

CO, Cardiac Output

Question 27

Cardiac Output is determined by

Answer 27

Stroke volume and heart rate SV x HR

Question 28

What is a heart rate

Answer 28

The rate of spontaneous SA node depolarization

Question 29

Stroke volume is a measurement of what ?

Answer 29

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle during in contraction

Question 30

What is the normal heart rate for a dog ?

Answer 30

70-120bpm

Question 31

What is the normal heart rate for a cat

Answer 31

120-140bpm

Question 32

The inner layer that lines the lumen of the vessel is_______. It is composed of of thin tissue and is continuous with the endocardium that lines the chambers of the heart. Provides a smooth surface for the least amount of friction

Answer 32

Endothelium

Question 33

What is the largest elastic artery in the body

Answer 33

Aorta

Question 34

Heart —> arteries—> ________—>capillaries—>_____—> veins —> heart

Answer 34

Atrioles, Venules

Question 35

Microscopic blood vessels from branching arterioles

Answer 35

Capillaries

Question 36

The smallest branches of the arterial tree

Answer 36

Arterioles

Question 37

In order to get blood back to the heart the capillaries Join together to form tiny veins called

Answer 37

Venules

Question 38

Newborns receive oxygen through

Answer 38

Their own lungs

Question 39

A fetus receives oxygen through

Answer 39

The blood of it’s mother

Question 40

The oxygenated blood from the mother flows from the placenta into the fetus through the __________.

Answer 40

Umbilical vein

Question 41

The rate of alternating stretching and recoiling of the elastic fibers in an artery as blood passes through it with each heartbeat

Answer 41

Pulse

Question 42

How is blood pressure measured

Answer 42

The amount of pressure flowing blood exerts on arterial walls

Question 43

The highest number when taking blood pressure, it is produced by ejection of blood from the left ventricle into systematic circulation by way of the aorta.

Answer 43

Systolic blood pressure

Question 44

The lowest number when taking blood pressure. It measures the pressure remaining in the artery during left ventricular diastole when the ventricle is relaxing and refilling with blood.

Answer 44

Diastolic pressure

Question 45

A method of measuring blood pressure using a cuff placed over the area of an artery and inflated until blood flow either stops or nearly stops.

Answer 45

Oscillometric method

Question 46

A method to determine blood pressure using an ultrasound instrument that measures arterial blood flow as air is released from an inflated cuff attached to a meter.

Answer 46

Doppler ultrasound

Question 47

Thoracic radiography is used to evaluate

Answer 47

The size and position of the heart

Question 48

Electrocardiography is used to evaluate

Answer 48

The electrical activity of the heart

Question 49

Echocardiography is used to evaluate

Answer 49

The size, shape and movement of heart structures

Question 50

The measurement of blood pressure is used to evaluate

Answer 50

Cardiac output

Question 51

ECG =

Answer 51

Electrocardiogram

Question 52

The amount of blood the ventricle receives from the atrium

Answer 52

Preload

Question 53

The physical resistance presented by the artery the ventricle is ejecting blood into:

Answer 53

After load

Question 54

What is the normal systolic pressure in dogs

Answer 54

130-160

Question 55

What is the normal systolic pressure in cats

Answer 55

120-160

Question 56

Hypertension ?

Answer 56

High blood pressure

Question 57

Hypotension?

Answer 57

Low blood pressure

Question 58

Isotensive?

Answer 58

Regular blood pressure