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Vet Tech A & P > Endocrine System > Flashcards

Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Pituitary gland =

A

Master gland

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2
Q

Hormones that are hydrophilic meaning they can easily move through blood plasma

A

Peptide hormones

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3
Q

Lipids that are synthesized from cholesterol and they are hydrophobic, so they must bind to hydrophilic transport proteins in order to travel through plasma.

A

Steroid hormones

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4
Q

The portion of hormone molecules that are attached to transport proteins is called

A

Bound hormone

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5
Q

Hormone secretion is commonly controlled by what

A

Feedback systems

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6
Q

Is activity decreased by rising levels of the hormone the feedback is said to be what

A

Negative

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7
Q

If the activity is increased by falling levels of the hormone the feedback is said to be

A

Positive

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8
Q

What are the three main chemical groups of hormones ?

A

Peptide, steroid, monoamine

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9
Q

Which chemical hormone group(s) bind to receptors on the target cell membrane?

A

Catecholamine

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10
Q

Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands and are secreted directly into blood vessels

A

Hormones

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11
Q

Has important nervous system function, including appetite control l, body temperature regulation, and control of sleep/wake cycles. This also plays a role with the endocrine system by having control over the pituitary gland

A

Hypothalamus

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12
Q

The pituitary gland is located where

A

Ventral to the hypothalamus and is attached to it by a slender stalk.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the posterior pituitary gland

A

Does not produce any hormones, but stores and releases two hormones that are produced in the hypothalamus and transported to the posterior pituitary along nerve fibers.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the anterior pituitary gland

A

Produces several hormones, when stimulated by the hypothalamus and direct feedback from target organs and tissues.

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15
Q

What are the 7 known anterior pituitary hormones

A

GH
PROLACTIN
TSH
ACTH
FCH
LH
MSH

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16
Q

GH =

A

Growth hormone

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17
Q

Growth hormone is also known as what

A

Somatotropin and somatotropic hormone

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18
Q

What is the purpose of GH

A

The promotion of body growth in young animals, particularly bone and muscle. It also helps regulate the metabolism of proteins, carbs, and lipids in all of the body cells

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19
Q

Building or (synthesis) of proteins by body cells

A

Anabolism

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20
Q

Breakdown in body cells for energy production and discourages the cells from using carbohydrates, and glucose as energy sources.

A

Catabolism

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21
Q

True or false
Insulin rises blood glucose levels

A

False
It lowers blood glucose levels

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22
Q

Helps trigger and maintain lactation, the secretion of milk by the mammary glands.

A

Prolactin

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23
Q

TSH =

A

Thyroid stimulation hormone

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24
Q

TSH is also known as

A

Thyrotropic hormone

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25
What is the purpose of TSH
Stimulates the growth and development of the thyroid gland and causes it to produce its hormones.
26
ACTH =
AdrenoCorticoTropic Hormone
27
What is the purpose of ACTH
Stimulates the growth and development of the cortex (outer portion) of the adrenal gland and the release of some of its hormones. (Stress)
28
FSH =
Follicle Stimulating hormone
29
What is the purpose of FSH in a female
It stimulates the growth and development of follicles in the ovaries. It also stimulates the lining cells of the follicles to produce and secrete estrogens
30
The female sex hormone estrogen is responsible for what
The physical and behavioral changes that prepare the female for breeding and pregnancy.
31
What is the purpose of FSH in a male
Stimulates the development of male reproductive cells.
32
LH =
Luteinizing hormone
33
What is the purpose of LH in a female
Completes the process of follicle development in the ovary that was started by FSH. Causes the production of FSH to decrease and LH to increase
34
What is the purpose of LH in a male
Stimulates the cells in the testes called interstitial cells to develop and produce the male sex hormone testosterone
35
The endocrine structure, Corpus Luteum produces _____ that is necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy if it should occur
Progesterone
36
MSH =
Melanocyte stimulating hormone
37
What is the purpose of MSH
The control of color changes in the pigment cells of reptiles, fish, and amphibians.
38
The posterior pituitary gland is also called
Neurohypophysis
39
ADH =
AntiDiuretic Hormone
40
What is the purpose of ADH
Helps prevent diuresis, which is the loss of large quantities of water in the urine. Causes the kidneys the reabsorb more water from the urine they are producing back into the bloodstream.
41
When is ADH released
When the hypothalamus detects a water shortage (dehydration) in the body.
42
The osmotic pressure of the blood increases (the blood is more concentrated) happens when an animal is what
Dehydrated.
43
A deficiency of ADH in the body can cause the disease _____
Diabetes insipidus
44
What is the purpose of oxytocin
Causes contractions of the myometrium at the time of breeding and parturition and also has effects of active milk producing mammary glands
45
What stimulates the continued release of prolactin during lactation
The stimulation of the teat or nipple
46
TH =
Thyroid hormone
47
What two hormones does the thyroid gland produce
Thyroid hormone and calcitonin
48
What is the purpose of thyroid hormone
Helps regulate the body’s metabolic rate
49
What is the purpose of calcitonin
Helps regulate blood calcium levels
50
Anterior pituitary gland =
Adenophypophysis
51
Posterior pituitary gland =
Neurohypophysis
52
The entire pituitary gland =
Hypophysis
53
T4 = ____ T3= ____
T4 -Tetraiodotgyronine or thyroxine T3- triiodothyronine
54
Takes calcium and shoves it into the bones
Calcitonin
55
PTH=
ParaThyroid Hormone
56
What is the purpose of PTH
Maintain blood calcium levels.
57
What two hormones play important roles in maintaining homeostasis of blood calcium levels? Which prevents hypercalcemia? Which prevents hypocalcemia?
Hyper= calcitonin Hypo=PTH
58
What hormone plays an important role in helping an animal maintain its body temperature under cold conditions
Thyroid hormone
59
Renal refers to what
Kidneys
60
The outer-gland, develops from glandular tissue and looks like normal endocrine tissue under the microscope. Under the direction of ACTH
Adrenal cortex
61
The adrenal glands are located where
The cranial ends of the Kidneys
62
True or false Glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and sex hormones are all considered steroids
True
63
The inner gland, develops from nervous tissue and resembles nervous tissue under the microscope. Two hormones are produced: epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal medulla
64
How are the hormones of the adrenal medulla involved in the fight or flight response.
The hormones circulate the body to produce the whole body fight or flight effect.
65
Cause the blood glucose levels to rise, maintain blood pressure, and helping the body resist the effects of stress.
Glucocorticoid hormones
66
Regulate the levels of some important electrolytes in the body.
Mineralocorticoid hormones
67
A mineralocorticoid hormone that affects the levels of sodium, potassium, and hydrogen ions in the body. It’s target is the kidney
Aldosterone
68
Very high levels of ____ stop the beating of the heart
Potassium
69
Androgens =
Male sex hormones
70
Estrogens =
Female sex hormones
71
What three groups of hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?
Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex hormones
72
A long, flat, abdominal organ located near the duodenum (the first portion of the small intestine) that has both endocrine and exocrine functions
Pancreas
73
Essential for life, causes glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids in the blood stream to be absorbed through cell membranes into the cells used for energy.
Insulin
74
Has an affect opposite to insulin. It raises the blood glucose levels in the body. It stimulates liver cells to convert glycogen to glucose
Glucagon
75
Reproductive organs =
Gonads
76
How does relaxin help prepare a pregnant animal for parturition
It causes ligaments between the bones surrounding the birth canal to soften and relax in prep for birth.
77
Which hormone are anabolic steroid drugs related to
Testosterone
78
Kidneys produce what hormone
Erythropoietin
79
Inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon
Somatostatin
80
The hormone erythropoietin does what
Stimulates red bone marrow to increase production of oxygen carrying red blood cells.
81
The decrease of oxygen in the blood is called
Hypoxia
82
Cells in the wall of the stomach produce the hormone
Gastrin
83
Why are patients with kidney failure often anemic
With the Kidneys inability to produce erythropoietin it causes the patient to become hypoxic, because old worn out red blood cells continue to be removed from the bloodstream but not enough new red blood cells are being produced to replace them.
84
The pineal body produces _____ which affects moods and sleep/wake cycles
Melatonin
85
Secretin and cholecystokinin are produced by the
Cells lining the small intestine
86
Growth hormone works to promote
The hyperglycemic effect

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