Basic Bone Structure

Question 1

What are osteoblasts

Answer 1

Cells that produce bone

Question 2

What are Osteocytes

Answer 2

Bone cells

Question 3

What are osteoclasts

Answer 3

Cells that eat bone away where it is not needed

Question 4

What is ossification

Answer 4

When osteoblasts harden the matrix, which create bone.

Question 5

What are 4 functions of bones

Answer 5

Support
Protection
Leverage
Storage

Question 6

Blood cell formation in the bone marrow

Answer 6

Hematopoiesis

Question 7

Sometimes called spongy bone. Consists of tiny spicules of bone that appear randomly arranged with lots of spaces between them which are filled with bone marrow.

Answer 7

Cencellous bone

Question 8

Very dense and strong bone. It makes up shafts of long bones and the outside layer of all bones. It is composed of tiny, tightly compacted cylinders of bone( Haversian systems).

Answer 8

Compact bone

Question 9

Canals that run lengthwise of the bone and contain blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves that supply osteocytes.

Answer 9

Haversian canal

Question 10

Nutrient foramina

Answer 10

Large blood vessels that primarily carry blood into and out of the bone marrow

Question 11

Tiny channels in the bone matrix that come in at right angles to the long axis of the bone and to Haversian canals

Answer 11

Volkmann’s canals

Question 12

A method that forms bones by first creating cartilage that is basically a prototype of the bone that will eventually take place.

Answer 12

Endochondral bone formation

Question 13

Where is the diaphysis of a bone

Answer 13

The middle

Question 14

When the bone begins to develop in the shaft or diaphysis of the cartilage

Answer 14

Primary growth center

Question 15

When a bone developes from the ends or the epiphyses of the cartilage or bone

Answer 15

Secondary growth center

Question 16

Where are the epiphyses of the bone

Answer 16

The ends

Question 17

Sites where the creation of new bones along the long bones to lengthen as the animal grows

Answer 17

Epiphyseal plates or growth plates

Question 18

True or false
Epiphyseal plates or growth plates completely ossify when an animal has finished growing

Answer 18

True

Question 19

Occurs in only certain skull bones. A process that creates the flat bones of the cranium, which surround the brain.

Answer 19

Intramembranous bone formation

Question 20

What are the 4 basic shapes of bones

Answer 20

Long, short, flat, irregular

Question 21

What is red bone marrow and what does it do

Answer 21

Hematopoietic tissue ( blood forming tissue)
Forms blood cells

Question 22

What does yellow bone marrow consist of

Answer 22

Consists of mostly adipose and connective tissue (fat)

Question 23

True or false
Yellow bone marrow can NOT revert back to red bone marrow

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is the difference between a Haversian canal and a volksmanns canal ?

Answer 24

Haversian canals run parallel to the bone and are long/straight
Volksmann’s canals run perpendicular to Haversian canals at different angles

Question 25

Joint surfaces

Answer 25

Articular surface

Question 26

Usually a large round articular surface. Typically located at the distal end of a humerus and femur

Answer 26

Condyle articular surface

Question 27

An articular surface that is somewhat spherical on a proximal end of a long bone

Answer 27

Head articular surface

Question 28

A flat articular surface that allow joint movement between each other. Typically found among vertebrae and long bones such as the radius and ulna

Answer 28

Facet articular surface

Question 29

A hole in a bone

Answer 29

Foramen or plural foramina

Question 30

A depressed or sunken area on the surface of a bone, usually because they are occupied by muscles or tendons.

Answer 30

Fossa or plural, fassae

Question 31

How many bones form the cranium

Answer 31

11

Question 32

Bones of the ear =

Answer 32

Ossicles

Question 33

Spine =

Answer 33

Vertebrae

Question 34

The area of the spine located on the neck

Answer 34

Cervical vertebrae

Question 35

The area of the spine located by the ribs

Answer 35

Thoracic vertebrae

Question 36

The area of the spine located after the ribs and before the pelvis

Answer 36

Lumbar vertebrae

Question 37

The area of the spine just above the pelvis and sacrum

Answer 37

Sacral vertebrae

Question 38

The area of the spine, bones of the tail

Answer 38

Coccygeal vertebrae

Question 39

The caudal most pelvic bone

Answer 39

Ischium

Question 40

The cranial most bone of the pelvis

Answer 40

Ilium

Question 41

The smallest of the three pelvic bones. Is located medially

Answer 41

Pubis

Question 42

Antebrachium =

Answer 42

Forearm

Question 43

In horses the carpus is referred to as the

Answer 43

Knee

Question 44

Consists of bones that form in soft organs or viscera

Answer 44

Visceral skeleton

Question 45

The bone in the heart of cattle and sheep and helps supports the valves of the heart

Answer 45

Os cordis

Question 46

The anatomical term for fibrous joints is

Answer 46

Synarthroses

Question 47

The anatomical term for Cartilaginous joints is

Answer 47

Amphiarthroses

Question 48

Cartilaginous joints are capable of what movement

Answer 48

Only slight rocking movement

Question 49

Fibrous joints are capable of what movement

Answer 49

None

Question 50

The anatomical term for synovial joints is

Answer 50

Diarthroses

Question 51

Synovial joints are capable of what movement

Answer 51

They are freely moveable

Question 52

A fluid filled joint cavity

Answer 52

Joint capsule

Question 53

Junctions between bones

Answer 53

Joints

Question 54

Made up of bones of the main appendages of an animals body that is the limbs

Answer 54

Appendicular skeleton

Question 55

Bones of the skeleton that can be divided into two main groups: the bones of the head/truck. Located along the central axis of the body

Answer 55

Axial skeleton

Question 56

Bones that resemble Sesame seeds

Answer 56

Sesamoid bones

Question 57

The outer walls of the diaphysis of the bone

Answer 57

Bone cortex

Question 58

Location where the brain and spinal cord connect

Answer 58

Medulla

Question 59

Movement away from the medial plane

Answer 59

Abduction

Question 60

The movement of an extremity towards the median plane

Answer 60

Adduction

Question 61

The movement of an extremity so that the distal end moves in a circle

Answer 61

Circumduction

Question 62

Hinge joint =

Answer 62

Ginglymus joint

Question 63

True or false the only movements possible for a hinge joint are flexion and extension

Answer 63

True

Question 64

Gliding joint =

Answer 64

Arthrodial joint (rocking joint)

Question 65

True or false Gliding joints are NOT relatively flat

Answer 65

False

Question 66

Gliding joint allow what movement

Answer 66

Flexion and extension but in some cases can allow some abduction and adduction

Question 67

Pivot joint =

Answer 67

Trochoid joint

Question 68

Also referred to as the no joint

Answer 68

Pivot joint

Question 69

Pivot joints allow what movement

Answer 69

Rotation

Question 70

Ball and socket joint =

Answer 70

Spheroidal jojnt

Question 71

True or false Ball and socket joints allow: flexion extension abduction adduction rotation and curcumduction

Answer 71

True

Question 72

A horses splint bone is considered what digits ?

Answer 72

2 and 4

Question 73

Cattle use which digits

Answer 73

3 and 4

Question 74

Which hormone regulates and prevent hypercalcemia

Answer 74

Parathyroid hormone

Question 75

Which joint or joints contain hyaline cartilage?

Answer 75

Synovial

Question 76

Which joint is the Atlantoaxial joint

Answer 76

Gliding