Cardiovascular Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
Two layers of the pericardium
A
Fibrous and serous pericardium
2
Q
Tough,fibrous connective tissue that protects the heart
A
Fibrous pericardium
3
Q
Made up of visceral and parietal layers that allows the heart to smoothly expand and contract
A
Serous pericardium
4
Q
Outside layer of the heart
A
Pericardium
5
Q
The thin membrane lining between the myocardium and chambers of the heart
A
Endocardium
6
Q
Where does the heart receive deoxygenated blood from?
A
Tissues of the body
7
Q
Cardiac contraction
A
Systole
8
Q
Where does blood become oxygenated?
A
In pulmonary capillaries
9
Q
Where is the base of the heart?
A
At the top where the blood vessels enter and exit the heart
10
Q
Auricle
A
Ear
11
Q
Look like the floppy ears hanging over the ventricles
A
Auricles
12
Q
Borders of the ventricles are separated by..
A
Intraventicular grooves
13
Q
The most visible parts of the atrias
A
Auricles
14
Q
Why do the walls of the atria less sturdy and thick?
A
Blood returning is under low pressure
15
Q
Vessels that merge together and increase in diameter become the ______ veins that carry blood to the left atrium
A
Pulmonary
16
Q
The largest artery in the body
A
Aorta
17
Q
The artery that supplies the lungs
A
Pulmonary
18
Q
Where does the aorta emerge from?
A
Left ventricle
19
Q
Contains the highest amount of blood pressure in a vessel
A
Aorta
20
Q
Tricuspid
A
Three flaps
21
Q
Connects the free edges of the valvular flaps to the papillary muscles
A
Chordae tendinae
22
Q
A band of tissue that connected to the outside walls of the right ventricle
A
Moderator band
23
Q
Known as the pulmonic valve the prevents backward flow of blood from the pulmonary arteries
A
Pulmonary valve
24
Q
The valve between the left atrium and left vesicle
A
Mitral (atrioventricular) valve
25
The valve that has only two flaps
Mitral
26
The last valve the oxygenated blood passes through on the way to the coronary and systemic arteries
Aortic valve
27
Each cycle of contraction and relaxation of the heart is called
Cardiac cycle
28
The two main parts to the cardiac cycle
Systole and diastole
29
During this stage, the heart muscle contracts and blood is ejected from the atria to the ventricles and then to the arteries
Systole
30
During this stage, the heart relaxes and refills with blood
Diastole
31
The impulse for a heart beat comes from the
Sinoatrial node
32
The pacemaker of the heart
SA node
33
Positively charged ions
Cations
34
How does the SA node create an electrical charge?
By passing the cations across the outer ,embrace of its cells. Cations are pumped out of the cell during polarization and the outside of the cell now has a higher charge. Cations floe back in to equal the charge during depolarization.
35
_______ of the heart creates a charge the same way batteries do
Depolarization
36
Two routes electrical currents generated by the SA node travel
Fast route -AV node and purkinje fibers and Slow Route-rest of the cardiac muscles
37
In what form do electrical charges travel?
Like a wave
38
Steps of the cardiac cycle
SA node depolarizes and atria and ventricles relax, atria contracts, ventricles contract, begin diastole
39
Main difference between a fetus and animal circulating blood
Dam uses lungs, fetus uses dam
40
Because a fetuses lungs only need blood to grow,volt to breathe, where does blood flow around instead of through
The pulmonary artery
41
The fetus receives oxygen through the...
Placenta
42
The umbilical cord is called a vein because
It flows blood towards the heart
43
Listening to the heart
Auscultation
44
I'm dogs and cats,the heart lies
Between the third and seventh rib
45
Lub dub
s1 and s2
46
The step of mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of systole
S1
47
The step where the aortic and pulmonic valve close at the beginning of diastole
S2
48
The ____ valve is easiest to hear on the _____ because it exits the left ventricle
Aortic, left
49
The ______ valve is easiest to hear on the _____ because the valve exits the right ventricle
Pulmonary, left
50
Due to rapid ventricular filling
S3
51
Due to contraction of the atria
s4
52
The amount of blood that leave the heart
Cardiac output
53
Two factors that determine cardiac output
Stroke volume and heart rate
54
The law stating that when increased filling,of the heart takes place, it results in increased contraction resulting in a stretch of ventricle muscles
Starlings law
55
Measures electrical current of the heart
Electrocardiogram
56
By measuring then_____ and ______ of Electrocardiogram waves, abnormalities can be found
Height and width
57
Arteries that travel up and supply the head and neck
Carotid arteries
58
Most common vein used for venipuncture
Jugular
59
15% of blood volume is found in your....
Lungs, pulmonary
60
80% of blood volume is found....
In systemic circulation
61
5% of blood supply is found....
In your heart
62
Functions of blood:
Maintains normal blood pressure, maintains blood flow to tissue, deliveries oxygen and nutrients to the body
63
Transport blood away from heart
Arteries
64
Return blood to the heart.
Veins
65
Arterial and venous, fine and thin, located in organs
Capillaries
66
Outer layer around the heart
Pericardium
67
Heart muscle
Myocardium
68
Thin membrane lining the inside of the heart
Endocardium
69
Upper
Atria
70
Receive and hold venous blood
Atria
71
Lower
Ventricle
72
Pu,mp blood away from the heart
Ventricles
73
Which atrium is thicker and larger myocardium?
Left, needs to work harder
74
The pacemaker
SA node
75
The LAMB valve.
Left, atrioventricular, mitral, bicuspid valve
76
The RAT valve.
Right, atrioventricular, tricuspid valve
77
Right bottom valve that leads to the lungs
Pulmonic valve
78
Left bottom valve leading to the body.
Aortic valve
79
Normal cardiac rhythm is called...
Sinus rhythm
80
Functions of blood.
Maintain flow to tissue and maintain blood pressure
81
Vasoconstriction and vasodilation is controlled by what?
Autonomic nervous system
82
Red pathways
Arteries
83
Blue pathways
Veins
84
These return blood to the heart
Vein
85
Located in organs that are arterial and venous
Capillaries
86
Move blood away from heart
Arteries
87
Heart muscle
Myocardium
88
The thin membrane lining the heart
Endocardium
89
These chambers of the heart receive and hold venous blood.
Atria
90
These chambers of the heart pump blood away from the heart
Ventricles
91
This ventricle is thicker because it works harder.
Left ventricle
92
The two entrance valves.
Tricuspid and bicuspid
93
The exit valves in the heart
Pulmonic, aortic
94
Right ventricle constricts and tricuspid valve closes.
Systole
95
These Arteries and veins supply the heart with blood.
Coronary
96
Largest artery I'm the body.
Aorta
97
Right atrioventricular valve name
Tricuspid
98
Left atrioventricular valve name.
Mitral
99
The two semilunar valves.
Aortic and pulmonic
100
Heart relaxes and refills with blood again.
Diastole
101
When pressure in the ventricle is greater than the atria, the atrioventricular valve closes.
Lub
102
When the pressure in the ventricles is greater than the aorta and pulmonary artery, the semilunar valves open allowing blood to leave. Then the semilunar valves close again.
Dub sound
103
What determines heart rate?
Body temperature, autonomic nervous system, brain stem
104
Why do EKGs work?
Body fluids conduct electrical currents that can be detected on body surfaces
105
What is normal cardiac rhythm called?
Sinus rhythm
106
Pvcs
Premature ventricular contraction
107
Pacs
Premature atrial contraction
108
Stroke volume x heart rate
Cardiac output
109
Effects of increasing stroke volume
Increased force of contraction
110
Bypasses in fetal circulation keep blood out of where?
Pulmonary circulation
111
Where does a fetus receive oxygen from?
Placenta
112
Oxygenated blood travels from the placenta to which vein?
Umbilical vein
113
After the blood travels from the placenta goes through the umbilical vein, where does it go?
Through the liver and the ductus venosus into the caudal vena cava
114
After blood travels through the placenta, through the umbilical vein, through the liver and the ductus venosus into the caudal vena cava where does it go?
It enters the right atrium to the left atrium through the foraminifera ovals
115
How is deoxygenated blood sent back to the placenta?
Umbilical arteries
116
What happens to the fetal circulation after birth?
The ductus venosus constricts and the forsaken ovale and ductus arteriosus close.
117
Do veins or arteries have thinner walls?
Veins
118
Bp ______ with systole and _______ with diastole.
Increases, decreases
119
First main branch from the aorta.
brachiocephalic trunk
120
Where does the caudal mesenteric artery.
To the remainder of the large intestine
121
What do the external iliac artery supply?
Abdominal wall, scrotum, mammary glands
122
What does the internal iliac artery supply?
Pelvis, hip and genetalia
123
Runs across the mandible and is used to take the pulse in horses.
Facial artery
124
Where is the lingual vein located?
Under the tongue
125
Two types of heart murmurs.
Valvular, stenosis
126
Smoothing sound of heart due to valves not completely closing.
Valvular
127
Type of heart murmur caused by a narrow valve opening and decreased amount of blood flow,
Stenosis
128
Thinning of heart muscle and increased size of chambers.
Dilated
129
Thickened heart muscles which decrease size of chambers.
Hypertrophic
130
Heart muscle classification most common in dogs.
Dilated
131
Diseased heart muscle classification most common in cats.
Hypertrophic
132
Type of shock categorized as heart pump failure And decreased blood pressure
Cardiogenic shock
133
Type of shock categorized as loss of blood volume, pale mm, increased heart rate and decreased by
Hypovolemic shock
