Muscle System

Question 0

What are the three different types of muscles?

Answer 0

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 1

Muscles are one of four….

Answer 1

Main tissues of the body

Question 2

Where is the one place the cardiac muscle is found?

Answer 2

In the heart

Question 3

Where are smooth muscles found?

Answer 3

Eyes, reproductive tract, lungs, bladder, intestines and stomach

Question 4

What do smooth muscles control?

Answer 4

Unconscious functions of the internal body to keep us working properly

Question 5

What do skeletal muscles do?

Answer 5

Control our movement of bones and limbs

Question 6

The ________ system gives orders, the ________system carries them out?

Answer 6

Nervous, muscle

Question 7

What is gross anatomy?

Answer 7

Features you can see with the naked eye

Question 8

The thick, central portion of muscles

Answer 8

Belly

Question 9

What attaches muscles to bones?

Answer 9

Tendons

Question 10

The more stable site of attachment in muscle that does not usually move when muscles contract?

Answer 10

Origin of the muscle

Question 11

The site of muscle attachment, usually more distal, that does all the moving?

Answer 11

Insertion of the muscle

Question 12

What are cutaneous muscles?

Answer 12

Skin muscles

Question 13

What are head and neck muscles responsible for?

Answer 13

Eye, ear, facial expressions, chewing, supporting the head and moving the neck

Question 14

Why do flexor muscles of the neck and head not have to be strong?

Answer 14

Gravity helps

Question 15

What are abdominal muscles responsible for?

Answer 15

Protecting organs, arching our back, vomiting, defecation, urinating, regurgitation

Question 16

What are thoracic limb muscles responsible for?

Answer 16

Limb functions and movements

Question 17

What are pelvic limb muscles responsible for?

Answer 17

Hip movement, movement (walking and running)

Question 18

What do muscles of respiration do?

Answer 18

Push air in and out of the lungs

Question 19

What are unique about skeletal muscle anatomy?

Answer 19

They are large, skinny but long, have more than on nucleus

Question 20

What are myofibers?

Answer 20

Make up muscle fibers (tightly packed together muscles)

Question 21

Two main particles that make up myofibers?

Answer 21

Actin and myosin filaments

Question 22

Process of a muscle shrinking?

Answer 22

Atrophy.

Question 23

Place where motor nerve functions attach to muscle fibers?

Answer 23

Neuromuscular function

Question 24

What is a motor unit?

Answer 24

One nerve fiber and all muscle fibers attached to it?

Question 25

Why are there so many muscles attached to one nerve?

Answer 25

There would need to be many nerve impulses to control the body

Question 26

Fat deposits visible in meat

Answer 26

Marbling

Question 27

Myosin fibers overlap a little during _________ but overlap in cross bridges during _________

Answer 27

Relaxation, contraction

Question 28

The idea of a muscle contracting completely when it receives a nerve impulse or not contracting at all

Answer 28

All or nothing principle

Question 29

What is muscle memory?

Answer 29

The ability for your nervous system to remember the power and movement necessary to do specific activities

Question 30

The "pacemaker"

Answer 30

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

Question 31

Why does the pacemaker have such control over things?

Answer 31

It's rate is so much faster

Question 32

What do sympathetic nerves control?

Answer 32

Stimulate the heart to beat faster and harder (fight or flight)

Question 33

What are parasympathetic fiber nerves responsible for?

Answer 33

Inhibiting cardiac function

Question 34

Why is the smooth muscle an unconscious muscle?

Answer 34

It is involuntary.

Question 35

What are the two main gross anatomy forms of the smooth muscle?

Answer 35

Large sheets of cells in organs and small discrete groups of cells

Question 36

How are smooth muscles shaped?

Answer 36

Small and spindled with one nucleus

Question 37

Where are visceral smooth muscles found?

Answer 37

In the walls of soft, internal organs

Question 38

How are smooth muscles like cardiac muscles?

Answer 38

The nerve supply is not required to initiate contractions, but only modifies them--they contact without the need for external stimulation

Question 39

Where are multi unit smooth muscles found?

Answer 39

In small, delicate places like the iris, small passageways in the lungs, walls of blood vessels

Question 40

Four properties of muscle?

Answer 40

Excitability, contractibility, extensibility, elasticity

Question 41

What is excitability?

Answer 41

Responses to neurotransmitters

Question 42

What is extensibility?

Answer 42

The ability to stretch without tearing

Question 43

What is elasticity?

Answer 43

Can return to regular shape after being stretched

Question 44

Where are intercalated disks found?

Answer 44

At the ends connecting cardiac muscle cells

Question 45

Which two muscle types are striated?

Answer 45

Cardiac and skeletal muscles

Question 46

What are the two types of smooth muscles?

Answer 46

Visceral and multi unit smooth muscles

Question 47

What are visceral smooth muscles in charge of?

Answer 47

Wave like contractions (digestion)

Question 48

What are multi unit smooth muscles responsible for?

Answer 48

Small contractions (eye twitching)

Question 49

Thick central portion of the muscle

Answer 49

Belly

Question 50

Connective tissue that connects muscle to bone

Answer 50

Tendon

Question 51

Connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

Answer 51

Ligament

Question 52

Sheets of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or muscle to muscle

Answer 52

Aponeurosis

Question 53

A ring of muscle

Answer 53

Sphincter

Question 54

Connective tissue on external surface of muscle

Answer 54

Fascia

Question 55

Surrounds the entire muscle

Answer 55

Epimysium

Question 56

Surrounds bundles of 10-100 muscle fibers

Answer 56

Perimysium

Question 57

Separates individual muscle cells/fibers

Answer 57

Endomysium

Question 58

Bundles of muscle tissue

Answer 58

Fascicles

Question 59

What does calcium do to the binding sites before contracting?

Answer 59

Removes "mittens" from binding sites so "Shannon" can hold on

Question 60

What supplies energy for the ratcheting of contracting muscles?

Answer 60

ATP

Question 61

What pulls calcium out of the triad to supply calcium for contracting?

Answer 61

Acetal Coline

Question 62

Enzymes that breaks down acetal Coline to stop it from dumping out calcium.

Answer 62

Acetal Coline esterase (ach ese)

Question 63

What do prostaglandins do?

Answer 63

Control inflammation, regulating blood supply to kidneys, maintaining estrus, maintaining GI tract health

Question 64

Thick filaments of muscle

Answer 64

Myosin

Question 65

Thin muscle fibers

Answer 65

Actin

Question 66

The filament that covers binding sites that won't let myosin and actin "hold hands" to contract

Answer 66

Tropamyosin

Question 67

Three stages of contractions?

Answer 67

Excitation, contraction, relaxation

Question 68

The amount of Ca in the muscle is determined by level of Ca in....

Answer 68

Blood

Question 69

Signs of hypercalcemia?

Answer 69

Lethargy, PU/PD, muscle weakness

Question 70

Signs of hypcalcemia?

Answer 70

Tremors and weakness, ataxia, inability to stand

Question 71

Where is sacrolemma?

Answer 71

Cell membrane

Question 72

What is rigor mortis?

Answer 72

Stiffness of death- muscles contraction and can't relax again

Question 73

What exposes the contraction binding sites that allow actin and myosin heads to hold hands?

Answer 73

Calcium

Question 74

During relaxation, what pumps Ca back into the storage area to cover up binding sites again?

Answer 74

Active transport pump

Question 75

Why is ATP present in contraction?

Answer 75

Is the energy that moves myosin to attach to actin and ratchet the muscle to make the fiber appear shorter

Question 76

Three sources of ATP in muscles?

Answer 76

Aerobic cellular respiration, ADP to ATP, anaerobic respiration

Question 77

How do we control the strength of muscle contractions?

Answer 77

Control the number of muscle fibers that contract

Question 78

What is muscle tone?

Answer 78

Muscle ability to be firm without physically contracting (legs, neck staying up)

Question 79

What is atrophy?

Answer 79

Wasting away of muscles

Question 80

What is hyper trophy?

Answer 80

Increase in diameter of muscle fibers

Question 81

How do muscles create heat?

Answer 81

Shivering

Question 82

How do cardiac muscles move?

Answer 82

In a wave like function to send messages

Question 83

How many nucleus does a cardiac muscle have?

Answer 83

One

Question 84

What are visceral movements responsible for?

Answer 84

Big movements-your but

Question 85

What are multi unit smooth muscles responsible for?

Answer 85

Small movements