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Digestive System Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Five functions of the digestive system?

A

Grasping food with teeth, chewing up food, chemical digestion, absorption of nutrients, elimination of wastes

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2
Q

Mastication

A

Grinding up of food

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3
Q

What happens if the digestive system does not work properly?

A

Cannot gain weight, loose weight, die of malnutrition

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4
Q

Four layers of the GI tract?

A

Mucosa, sub mucosa, muscle layer, serosa

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5
Q

The connective tissue that suspends The digestive tube in the abdomen and supplies blood, lymph vessels and nerves to the GI tract

A

Mesentery

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6
Q

Two types of muscles that make up the digestive tube?

A

Skeletal and smooth muscle

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7
Q

This TYPE of muscle is the voluntary function that allows chewing, breaking down food with saliva and swallowing

A

Skeletal muscles of the GI tube

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8
Q

Contraction of the _________ muscle fibers narrow the segments of the GI tube

A

Circular muscle fibers (smooth muscles)

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9
Q

Contraction of the _______ muscle fibers shorten the segments of the tube

A

Longitudinal

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10
Q

Two main smooth muscle contractions of the GI system?

A

Segmental (mixing up contents In the GI tract) and peristalsis (move contents along the GI tract)

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11
Q

Also called the buccal cavity

A

Mouth cavity

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12
Q

Key structures of the buccal cavity

A

Lips, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, hard and soft palates, oropharynx

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13
Q

Anything pertaining to the lips

A

Labial

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14
Q

The three matching pairs of salivary glands?

A

Parotid glands, mandibular glands, sublingual gland

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15
Q

How are carnivorous and herbivore teeth different?

A

More pointed

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16
Q

The grasping teeth

A

Incisors

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17
Q

Tearing teeth

A

Canines

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18
Q

Cutting teeth

A

Premolars

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19
Q

Grinding teeth

A

Molars

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20
Q

Inside surface of the teeth on the lower mandible that faces towards the tongue….

A

Lingual surface

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21
Q

The outer surface of both front maxilla and mandible teeth facing the lips

A

Labial surface

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22
Q

The outer surface of cheek teeth

A

Buccal surface

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23
Q

The typical number of teeth found in both rows of teeth

A

Dental formula

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24
Q

Center of the tooth with blood and nerve supply

A

The pulp

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25
Surrounds and protects the pulp
Dentin
26
The low point of the tooth where blood and nerves enter
Apex
27
The top of the tooth showing
Crown
28
And enzyme found in omnivores saliva that carnivores do not have that break up amylose
Amylase
29
An enzyme that breaks up fat
Lipase
30
The nerve stimulation that produces dry mouth
Sympathetic nervous system stimulation
31
Another word for throat
Pharynx
32
The area where the esophagus enters the stomach
Cardia
33
Single stomach
Mono gastric
34
More than one stomach chamber
Ruminant
35
The section directly to the left of the Cardia of the stomach that expands as we eat more
Fundus
36
The "middle" of the Stomach that is also distendable
Body
37
The glands of the fundus/body stomach area contain three main cells...
Parietal cells, cheif cells, mucous cells
38
The part of the stomach that is distal and grinds up food
Pyloric Antrum
39
Digested stomach contents
Chyme
40
The muscular ring of the sphincter that controls movement of chyme from moving the wrong way
Pylorus
41
The first entrance to the intestine from the stomach
Duodenum
42
How should an empty stomach look?
Pink, glistening from mucous
43
Deep erosions cause....
Gastric ulcers
44
Where does the GI tract extend to?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and anus
45
How many stomach do ruminates have?
Four
46
What is rumination?
Chewing of cud, regurgitation and re-chewing
47
Names of the four ruminant stomachs
Abomasum, reticulum, rumen, omasum
48
The smallest and most cranial stomach in ruminates?
Reticulum
49
The large, fermenting stomach chamber that converts the food into energy and breaks down food.
Rumen
50
Where most nutrients are absorbed in the blood stream?
Small intestine
51
Three segments of the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
52
Villi and micro villi (fingers) make up the...
Brush border
53
These waves control contraction and movement in the intestines
Peristaltic waves
54
Enter/o
Intestines
55
Gastr/o
Relating to the stomach
56
Hepat/o
Liver
57
Ingestion of food
Prehension
58
Also called chewing
Mastication
59
In teeth formulas, lowercase letters are...
Baby teeth
60
In teeth formulas, capital letters mean...
Permanent teeth
61
Covers the crown of the tooth
Enamel
62
Gums around the teeth
Gingiva
63
Where is the parotid salivary gland located?
Below ear canal, caudal to mandible
64
Where is the mandibular salivary gland located?
Between left and right halves of mandible
65
Where is lingual salivary glands located?
Under base of rouge
66
After food is ingested, it is in the form of a _____ in the esophagus
Bonus
67
No major nutrient absorption is done in the...
Stomach
68
Parietal glands in the fundus and body of the stomach produce...
Hydrochloric acid
69
Chief in the fundus and body of the stomach produce...
Pepsiogen that breaks down protein
70
Mucous cells in the fundus and body of the stomach produce...
Protective Mucous
71
G cells in the pyloric Antrum produce...
Gastrin hormones which release HCl from parietal cells
72
What is the pH of the stomach?
2-3 ph
73
Breaks in the surface of the mucous of the stomach lining.
Erosions
74
Best method to change diets ?
Gradually introduce food over 5-7 days
75
Main function of the large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum)?
Recover fluid and electrolytes and to store feces until elimination
76
Layers of the intestinal tract from deep to superficial?
Mucosa, sub mucosa, muscle layer, serosa
77
Slowing or stopping of peristaltic movement
ileus
78
Purpose of the small intestines
Digests nutrients, absorbing nutrients
79
Which segment of the small intestine does the most digesting?
Duodenum
80
Purpose of the pancreas?
Exocrine function: produce enzymes, and endocrine: produces hormones that regulate blood glucose levels
81
Breaks down carbs into simple sugars
Amylase
82
Enzymes that digest fat into smaller molecules?
Lipase
83
Purpose of the liver?
Produces bile acids, filters toxins, produces glucose, stores nutrients
84
Function of the gall bladder?
To store bile produced by the liver and deliver it to the small intestine
85
Which animals don't have a gall bladder
Horses and rats
86
Purpose of rectum and anus?
Storing feces and defecation
87
Common causes of vomitting?
Stress, foreign body obstruction, infection
88
Common causes of diarrheal?
Diet change, parasites, stress, infection
89
When in vomit and diarrhea concerning?
Blood, animal can't keep water down, frequency is more than five times and hour
90
Ingestion of feces
Coprophagia
91
Craving non-food items
Pica
92
What is gastric dilation volvulus?
Bloat (twisting stomach)
93
What breaks down cellulose in the stomach of herbivores during fermentation?
Microbes
94
How do hindgut fermenters work?
One stomach for mixing, a large hindgut for fermentation and digestion (horses, swine,sheep, guinea pigs)
95
The true stomach
Abomasum
96
Where of the digestive tract do we need strong and thick epithelium?
Around the entrances and exits
97
Voluntary muscles (mouth, pharynx)
Skeletal
98
Involuntary muscles (intestine, esophagus)
Smooth
99
Difference between herbivore and carnivore teeth?
Carnivores are pointed for tearing, herbivores have flat teeth for grinding
100
Material below the gums "cementing" the teeth in
Cementum
101
Material covering the part of the tooth that is above gums
Enamel

Anatomy (11 decks)

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