Sense Organs Flashcards
(129 cards)
1
Q
What are visceral senses?
A
Hunger and thirst
2
Q
The only organ that does not follow the rule that stretching causes pain
A
Bladder
3
Q
Where do visceral organs originate
A
In hollow internal organs
4
Q
What are the general senses?
A
Visceral sensations, touch, temperature, pain, proprioception
5
Q
Membranes that line and cover the contents of the thorax and abdomen
A
Pleura, peritoneum
6
Q
Urination will be delayed if…
A
The animal contacts the voluntary sphincter muscle
7
Q
Also known as the tactile sense
A
Touch
8
Q
The sensation of something being in contact with the body
A
Touch
9
Q
Associated with touch
A
Pressure
10
Q
What is the overall goal of touch and pressure
A
To give the CNS a picture of what, where, and to what extent something is from the body
11
Q
Monitors half the body’s temperature control
A
Temperature sense
12
Q
Two categories of temperature receptors
A
Superficial and central
13
Q
The temperature receptors that are located in the skin and detect upward or downward changes in skin temperature
A
Superficial
14
Q
Temperature receptors that keep track of the interior body temperature by monitoring blood
A
Central
15
Q
Where are central temperature receptors located?
A
Hypothalamus of the brain
16
Q
Rectal temperature measures
A
Core temperature
17
Q
Also called nociceptors
A
Pain receptors
18
Q
The most common and widely distributed sensory receptors
A
Pain receptors
19
Q
Pain receptors purpose
A
To protect the body from damage by alerting the central nervous system
20
Q
Four steps of nociceptoion
A
Transduction, transmission, modulation, perception
21
Q
The first step of pain that senses a nerve impulse at the nerve ending
A
Transduction
22
Q
The second step of pain that sends the sense of pain at the nerve ending to the spinal cord
A
Transmission
23
Q
The third step of pain that changes the sensor of pain to be worse or not as serious as it travels
A
Modulation
24
Q
The final step of pain that reaches the brain to tell us about the pain
A
Perception
25
Where does superficial pain affect?
Skin and subcutaneous areas
26
Where does deep pain affect?
Muscles and joints
27
Where does visceral pain affect?
Internal organs
28
Where does acute pain affect?
Sharp and intense pain of any area
29
What is chromic pain?
Dull and aching
30
The sense of body position and movement
Proprioception
31
Why is proprioception important?
To interact with the environment and to stand upright and correctly move
32
The ability to feel things
Esthetia
33
Complete loss of sensation
Anesthesia
34
Where are proprioception sense receptors located?
Skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, joint capsules
35
What are the four special senses?
Taste, smell, hearing and vision
36
The senses often involved in illnesses and injury
Special senses
37
Also called the gustatory sense
Taste
38
Where are the majority of taste buds located?
Papillae
39
The tiny openings of the taste buds
Taste pores
40
What are the primary taste sensations
Sweet, sour, salty and bitter
41
Also called the olfactory sense
Smell
42
How is the sense of smell organized?
Into two patches of olfac-tory epithelium located in nasal passages
43
How does smell work?
Odor molecules dissolve in mucus and contact sensory processes, nerve impulses are generated that travel to the brain and are interpreted as smells
44
Also called the auditory sense.
Hearing
45
What are the three parts of the ear.
External ear, middle ear, inner ear
46
Acts as a funnel to collect sound waves in the eardrum
External ear
47
Contains the sensory receptors that concert the
| Mechanical vibrations to nerve impulses
Inner ear
48
Amplifies and transmits the vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear
Middle ear
49
Where are most ear structures located?
In the temporal bones of the skull
50
The pinna, external auditory canal and tympanic membrane (eardrum) make up the...
External ear
51
Can be aimed in the direction of sound
Pinna
52
The part of the external ear that carries sound waves to the ear drum
External auditory canal
53
The process of which sound waves strike the eardrum and the membrane vibrates at the same frequency
Sympathetic vibration
54
Small bones found in the middle ear
Ossicles
55
Receptors for hearing are located here in the middle ear
Cochlea
56
The outermost bone of the middle ear also called the hammer that is connected to the tympanic membrane
Malleus
57
The middle bone of the middle ear that forms a synovial joint with the malleus
Incus (anvil)
58
The anvil forms a joint with this medial bone of the inner ear
Stapes-stirrup
59
Act as levers that transmit the sound wave vibrations from the ear drum to the cochlea
Ossicles
60
Also called the eustschian tube, this connects the middle ear to the pharynx
Auditory tube
61
What would happen if we didn't have the auditory tube when barometric pressure changed
The eardrum would bulge in or out causing painful pressure.
62
How are ear hematoma a formed?
By shaking head or other trauma that ruptures blood vessels
63
Theory of mechanical balance
Equilibrium
64
Where are equilibrium receptors located
Inner ear vestibules and semicircular canals
65
The two saclike spaces that make up the vestibule
Utricle and saccule
66
...Consists of hair cells and supporting cells covered by gelatinous matrix that contains tiny crystals called....
Macula, otoliths
67
Ear stone
Otolith
68
Three major layers of the eye ball
Fibrous layer, vascular layer, nervous layer
69
The outer layer of the eye they admits light to its interior and gives strength and shape to the interior
Fibrous layer
70
The eyes transparent window that admits light to the eye
Cornea
71
The white of the eye
Sclera
72
The junction of the cornea and the sclera
Limbus
73
Also called the vascular layer
Uvea
74
Parts of the uvea.
Choroid, iris, ciliary
75
Where is the choroid located? And what does it consist of?
Between the sclera and retina- dark melanin pigment and blood vessels that supply blood to the retina
76
The reflective are formed by the choroid responsible for the shine of animals eyes we see at night
Tapetum (tapetum lucidum)
77
What types of fibers make up the pupil?
Radially arranged fibers, enlarges the pupil when it contracts, circularly arranged fibers constrict the pupil when they contract
78
Where is the ciliary body? And what does it do?
Located behind the iris and adjusts the shape of the lens for near and far vision
79
The inner, nervous layer of the eye that lines the back of the eye and acts like a camera of the eye
Retina
80
When we're looking into an animals eye, we're looking into its_____________.
Aqueous compartment
81
The front part of the iris
Anterior chamber
82
The space behind the kris and between the lens
Posterior chamber
83
The only part of the eye that we can see without special instruments
Anterior chamber
84
A group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that causes pain and leads to blindness
Glaucoma
85
Instrument that tests intraocular pressure
Tonometer
86
Soft transparent structure of the eye made up of layers of microscopic fibers arranges like an onion
Lens
87
The process whereby the shape of the lens is changed to allow close up and distant vision
Accommodation
88
_____ rods are more sensitive to light than ____
Rods, cones
89
____ are more sensitive to color than _____
Cones, rods
90
A thin, transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball and limes the interior surfaces of the eyelid
Conjunctiva
91
Refers to eyeball
Bulbar
92
Refers to the eyelids
Palpebral
93
Athens,all skeletal muscles that hold the eye balls in place and accurately and delicately move them
Extra ocular eye muscles
94
What are the six extra ocular muscles
Four Straight (rectus) muscles, two oblique muscles
95
MIoSIS
Small pupil
96
Mydriasis
Large pupil
97
Huge requirement for oxygen
Neurons
98
Structural and functional support for neurons to protect them
Glial cells
99
Pick up information
Dendrites
100
Conduct nerve impulse away that the dendrite picked up. May be covered with myelin
Axons
101
Speeds up impulses
Myelin
102
Name for myelin in the brain and spinal cord
Oligodendrocytes
103
Name for myelin outside the brain and in the spinal cord
Schwann
104
Conduct impulses towards the CNS
Afferent nerves
105
Conduct impulses away from brain
Efferent nerves
106
SAME
Sensory-afferent, Motor-efferent
107
Parts of the brain
Cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem
108
Biggest part of the brain where our intelligence takes place
Cerebrum
109
Folds in the brain (tops of the mountains)
Gyri
110
Folds in the brain (valley of the mountains)
Sicri
111
Spot in the brain that relays the senses to the cerebrum
Thalamus
112
Interface between nervous system and endocrine system
Hypothalamus
113
The master gland
Pituitary
114
Part of the brain that is the passageway between the brain stem and cerebrum
Diencephalon
115
Responsible for balance
Cerebellum
116
Direct arteries that take blood to our brain
Carotid artery
117
Three layer of meninges
Dura ,Ayer, arachnoid, pita mater
118
Fluid that cushions the brain and spinal cord
Cerebrospinal fluid
119
Central part of the spinal cord
Medulla
120
Outer part of the spinal cord (white matter)
Cortex
121
Sympathetic NS reactions
German Shepard lunging at you - increase blood flow to skeletal muscles, increased heart rate, decreased GI motility, pupils dialate
122
Parasympathetic NS reactions
You after thanksgiving - decreased heart rate, increased GI motility, pupil constriction, cold due to blood leaving limbs
123
Part of a Schwann cell outer membrane that can repair itself when damaged
Neurilemma
124
Rest and digest neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
125
Three excitably neurotransmitter
Norepinephrine, dopamine, epinephrine (adrenaline)
126
Neurotransmitter that makes everything relax
GABA
127
Little brain
Cerebellum
128
Three phases of a seizure
Aura (acting weird) ictus (true seizure) post ictal (recovery period)
129
Recurrent seizures
Epilepsy
