Cardiovascular Flashcards by Marilyn Ruiz-Estrada

endocardium

inner linning of the heart

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myocardium

heart muscle

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epicardium

top layer of the heart

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pericardium

sac holding the heart

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atria does what?

receives the blood

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what does the right atria do?

deoxygenated blood from venae cavae

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what does the left atria?

oxygenated blood from the lungs

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what do the ventricles do?

pump blood from the heart

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what does the right ventricle do (pulmonary circulation)?

pumps blood to lungs for oxygenation

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what does the left atria do (systemic circulation)?

pumps blood through the aorta to the body systems

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what do heart valves prevent?

backflow; regurgitation of blood

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tricuspid valve:

from right ventricle into right atrium

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bicuspid (mitral) valve:

from the left ventricle into the left atrium

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pulmonic valve:

from the pulmonary artery into right ventricle

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aortic valve:

from aorta into left ventricle

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arteries do what and carry what (strong muscular wall)?

carry blood away from the heart; and carry oxygenated blood

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capillaries:

join arterial system; have thin walls to allow exchange of blood and body tissues; vessels composed of endothelial cells

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what do the veins do and what does it carry (contain valves to return blood)?

carry blood to the heart; carry deoxygenated blood

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what is the main function of the heart?

To propel blood for the transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and immune substances in the body

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what structures prevent backflow of blood?

Heart valves—the bicuspid, tricuspid, aortic valve, and pulmonic valve

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list the tree major types if blood vessels and the function of each?

Arteries carry blood away from the heart; veins carry blood to the heart; capillaries join the arterial system with the venous system.

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Which blood vessels contains valves? why?

Veins possess valves to prevent backflow of blood because it commonly must travel against gravity to return to the heart.

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list four chambers of the heart?

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

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How are the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein different from other arteries and veins of the body?

The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood; the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.

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heart:

cardio

atrium:

atrio

ventricle:

ventriculo

septum:

septo

vein:

phlebo

artery:

aterio

valve:

valvul.valvo

CF for fatty plaque:

athero

CF for embolus:

embolo

CF of pulse:

sphygmo

CF of muscle:

myo

atherosclerosis:

fatty plaque hardening ing the artery (buildup)

pertaining across the septum:

trans/sept/al

destruction of a blood clot:

thromb/o/lysis

pertaining to the ventricle:

ventricul/ar

tumor of the fatty plaque:

atheroma

pertaining to within a vessel:

endo/vascul/ar

inflammation of an arteriole:

arteriol/itis

condition of an embolus:

embol/ism

pertaining to the muscle of the heart:

my/o/cardi/al

narrowing of the aorta:

aorta/o/stenosis

rupture of the heart:

cardi/o/rrhexis

condition of a heart without rhythm:

a/rrythm/ia

enlargement of the ventricles:

ventricul/o/megaly

condition of a slow heart (beat):

brady/card/ia

process of recording the heart:

cardi/o/graphy

resembling a pulse

sphygm/oid

tumor of a blood vessel

hemangi/oid

condition of a rapid heat beat:

tachycardia

arteriosclerosis:

PROGRESSIVE; degenerative disease of the arteries; caused by build up of fatty plaque

Claudication:

pain triggered by walking

arteriosclerosis treatment:

plaque surgically removed; stent that is put in

undergo removal of plaque buildup from his carotid artery, a surgical procedure called

endarterectomy

excessive buildup of plaque on the carotid artery may cause a

stroke

coronary artery disease (CAD):

Any disorder of the coronary arteries that affects their ability to deliver blood to the myocardium

in death of distal tissues, a condition called

infarction or necrosis

CAD signs and symptoms:

diapherisis; pallor; angina pain; shortness of breath

CAD treatment:

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA); CABG

the doctor concludes that his symptoms are the result of a decrease of oxygen in the heart muscle, a condition called

ischemia

aneurysm:

dilation of an artery; can cause thrombus, hemorrhage from rupture; common in brain and aorta of chest

aneurysm s/s:

tachycardia; hypotension; weakness

An aneurysm may cause weakness, sweating, tachycardia, and low blood pressure, also known as

hypotension

the doctor palpates a pulsating mass in the patient's abdomen. This sign is characteristic of an

aneurysm

spindle-shaped aneurysm in a patient's artery. This type of aneurysm is known as a

fusiform aneurysm

varicose veins:

Twisted, enlarged veins caused by blood pooling in the veins, especially in the legs

varicose veins s/s:

twisted veins on legs; skin ulcers; itching; burning sensation

varicose veins treatment:

life changes: avoid long periods of standing; wearing compression stockings surgery: laser ablation; sclerotherapy

Recently, he developed skin ulcers on his lower legs. His wife asked what caused the ulcers. The nurse explains that skin ulcers are a complication associated with:

Varicose Veins

inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm; also called dysrhythmia

arrhythmia

mass of undissolved matter (foreign object, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in the blood until it becomes lodged in a vessel

embolus

in adults, a persistently elevated blood pressure that exceeds a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg

hypertension

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

infarct

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply resulting from circulatory obstruction

ischemia

slender, threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries

stent

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG):

treatment for COD; Grafted vessel anastomosed around a blocked segment of the coronary artery

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA

placed in the sight of plaque

The surgeon proposes an endovascular procedure using a balloon catheter to reopen the narrowed blood vessels and restore blood flow. This procedures is known as an

angioplasty

carotid artery ultrasound:

that uses an ultrasound probe passed over the carotid arteries to produce images of the carotid arteries

Endarterectomy:

Procedure to remove atheromatous plaque from the inner lining of the carotid artery

the doctor diagnoses her condition as hardening of the carotid artery and proposes implantation of a device to hold this vessel open. This device is known as a

stent

Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)

that records electrical impulses of the heart using electrodes placed strategically on the body

ECG

stress test

To evaluate her symptoms, the nurse administers a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of her heart. This test, known as an

electrocardiogram

holter monitor test:

portable system will record his ECG tracings for 48 hours

Coronary angiography

Radiological procedure that visualizes the coronary arteries

record of electrical (activity) of the heart:

electr/o/cardi/o/gram

process of recording electrical (activity) of the heart:

electr/o/cardi/o/graphy

process of recording (radiography) a vein

ven/o/graphy

process of recording (radiography) the aorta:

aort/o/graphy

process of recording the arteries (of the heart):

angi/o/graphy

surgical repair of a valve:

valvul/o/plasty

diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis in her lower leg. Her doctor prescribes a drug that dissolves a blood clot, known as a

thrombolytic

diagnoses him with hypercholesterolemia. The doctor advises him to follow a low-fat diet and prescribes a drug that reduces cholesterol levels, known as a

statin

She is now diagnosed with recurring CAD. To relieve her “tightening chest pain,” the doctor prescribes a drug called a

nitrate

BP is persistently over 150/95. To address this problem, the doctor prescribes a

beta blocker

Cardiovascular Flashcards

(99 cards)