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Cardiovascular Anatomy Flashcards

(95 cards)

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1
Q

What lies posterior to the heart

A

Oesophagus
Desc. Aorta

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2
Q

What lies lateral to the heart

A

Pleura
Phrenic Nerves

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3
Q

What lies inferior to the heart

A

Central tendon of diaphragm

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4
Q

Which vertebrae does the heart lie anterior to

A

T5-T8

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5
Q

Where is the apex of the heart

A

Left 5th intercostal space
Midclavicular line

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6
Q

What forms the right border of the heart

A

Right Atrium

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7
Q

What forms the left border of the heart

A

Left ventricle

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8
Q

What forms the superior border of the heart

A

Auricles
Great vessels

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9
Q

What forms the inferior border of the heart

A

Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left Ventricle

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10
Q

What forms the anterior surface of the heart

A

1/3 Right atrium
2/3 Right and left ventricles

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11
Q

What forms the inferior surface of the heart

A

Right ventricle
Left ventricle

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12
Q

What forms the posterior surface of the heart

A

Left atrium

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13
Q

What is another name for the posterior surface of the heart

A

The base

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14
Q

What is the surface anatomy of the heart

A

Apex - 5th left IC space
Lower right - Parasternal rib 6
Upper right - parasternal rib 3
Upper left - parasternal rib 2

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15
Q

What is the outermost layer of the heart

A

Fibrous pericardium

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16
Q

What is the innermost layer of the heart called

A

Endocardium

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17
Q

What is the large muscular layer of the heart called

A

Myocardium

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18
Q

What are the 2 non-fibrous layers of pericardium called

A

Serous visceral pericardium (epicardium)
Serous parietal pericardium

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19
Q

Where is the coronary sulcus located

A

Between atria and ventricles

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20
Q

Where is the interventricular sulcus located

A

Between left and right ventricles

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21
Q

Name A-D

A

A - Left coronary artery
B - Circumflex artery
C - Left anterior descending (interventricular) artery
D - Posterior descending (interventricular) artery

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22
Q

Name E-G

A

E - Right marginal artery
F - Right coronary artery
G - Anastomosis

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23
Q

Where does the right coronary artery arise from

A

Right aortic sinus

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24
Q

Where does the left coronary artery arise from

A

Left aortic sinus

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25
What 2 arteries come from the right coronary artery
Right marginal artery Posterior descending (interventricular) artery
26
What does the circumflex artery supply
Left atrium Left ventricle
27
What does the left anterior descending artery supply
Right ventricle Left ventricle Interventricular septum
28
What does the left marginal artery supply
Left ventricle
29
What does the right marginal artery supply
Right ventricle Apex
30
What does the right coronary artery supply
Right atrium Right ventricle
31
What are the only cardiac veins which do not drain into the coronary sinus
Anterior cardiac veins
32
Where does the coronary sinus drain
Right atrium
33
What artery does the coronary sinus lie alongside
Circumflex artery
34
Name A-E
A - great cardiac vein B - Coronary Sinus C - Middle cardiac vein D - Small cardiac vein E - Anterior cardiac veins
35
What artery does the small cardiac vein lie alongside
Right marginal artery
36
What artery does the middle cardiac vein lie alongside
Posterior descending artery
37
What artery does the great cardiac vein lie alongside
Left anterior descending artery
38
Where do the anterior cardiac veins drain
Directly into the right atrium
39
Which nerve innervates the fibrous and serous parietal pericardium
Phrenic Nerve
40
What function does the phrenic nerve provide the heart
Sensory - Pain
41
Which parasympathetic nerve innervates the heart and visceral serous pericardium
Vagus nerve
42
Which sympathetic nerves innervates the heart and visceral serous pericardium
T1-T4 Upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia
43
Where are purkinje cells found
Sinoatrial node Atrioventricular node
44
Why can heart pain be felt in the inner surface of the left arm
T1-T4 innervation
45
Name A-C
A - Endocardium B - Myocardium C - Pericardial cavity
46
Name D-F
D - Fibrous pericardium E - Parietal Pericardium F - Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
47
What is the basic structure of a blood vessel
Tunica intima Tunica media Tunica externa / adventitia
48
What does the tunica intima consist of
Endothelium Basement membrane Connective tissue
49
What does the tunica media consist of
Muscle Elastic tissue
50
What does the tunica externa consist of
Fibrous connective tissue
51
What does the endocardium consist of
Epithelium Basement membrane Connective tissue
52
What does the myocardium consist of
Muscle Elastic tissue
53
What does the epicardium consist of
Fibrous connective tissue Epithelium
54
What tissue forms valves in the heart
Endocardium
55
What type of epithelium in in endocardium
Simple squamous
56
What are the features of cardiac muscle
Striated Lots of mitochondria Single central nucleus Branching fibres Intercalated disks
57
Which layer of the heart contains most of the coronary artery's branches
Epicardium/serous visceral pericardium
58
How does an artery look histologically
Thick muscle wall Small, well rounded Thin adventitia
59
How does a vein look histologically
Thin muscle wall Large, squashed Thick adventitia Valves - endothelial projections
60
3 main types of artery
Elastic Muscular Arterioles
61
Which arteries are elastic
Large conducting, eg: - Aorta - Common carotid
62
Which arteries are muscular
Distributing arteries, eg: - Coronary arteries - Radial arteries - Femoral arteries
63
Which arteries are arterioles
Supply blood to capillary bed
64
What gives elastic arteries its elastic properties
Elastic fibres in tunica media
65
How does an elastic artery differ to a muscular artery histologically
Muscular have NO elastic fibres within smooth muscle
66
Name A-E
A - Internal elastic laminae B - Epithelium/Tunica intima C - Tunica media D - Outer elastic lamina E - Tunica adventitia
67
What are pericytes
Surround capillaries, contractile
68
What are the 3 types of capillary
Continuous Fenestrated Discontinuous/sinusoids
69
What controls arteriovenous shunt
Precapillary sphincters
70
What blood vessels supply blood vessel walls
Vasa vasorum
71
Name A-C
A - Superior Vena Cava B - Right Auricle C - right atrium
72
Name D-F
D - Musculi Pectinati E - Crista Terminalis F - Tricuspid Valve
73
Name G - I
G - Coronary Sinus H - Inferior Vena Cava I - Fossa Ovalis
74
Which chamber of the heart is shown open here
Right atrium
75
Name A-E
A - Right Auricle B - Pulmonary Trunk C - Tricuspid Valve D - Trabeculae Carneae E - Moderator Band
76
Which chamber of the heart is shown here
Right Ventricle
77
What openings are found in the left atrium
4 openings Left + right superior pulmonary vein Left + right inferior pulmonary vein
78
What valve is seen within the left atrium
Mitral/bicuspid valve
79
What structure does the left atrium lie wholly postero-superiorly against
Oesophagus
80
How many papillary muscles are found within the right and left ventricles
Right - 3 Left - 2
81
Name A-D
A - Pulmonary Trunk B - Left auricle C - Trabeculae Carneae D - Bicuspid/mitral valve
82
Which chamber of the heart is shown here
Left Ventricle
83
Name A-E
A - Sinoatrial node B - Atrioventricular node C - Bundles of His (AV bundle) D - Purkinje's Fibres E - Left/right bundle branches
84
Where can each heart sound be auscultated
Pulmonary - Left 2nd IC space Aortic - Right 2nd IC space Tricuspid - Left 5th IC space Mitral - Left 5th IC space midclavicular line
85
Name A-E
A - Right Subclavian Artery B - Right Brachiocephalic vein C - Internal Thoracic Artery D - Internal Thoracic Vein E - Intercostal Artery
86
Name A-C
A - Brachiocephalic artery B - Subclavian artery C - Axillary artery
87
Name D-F
D - Brachial artery E - Radial artery F - Ulnar artery
88
What artery comes from the radial and ulnar arteries
Arteriae Digitales
89
Where does the subclavian become the axillary artery
Lateral border of 1st rib
90
Where does the brachial artery divide into the ulnar and radial arteries
Cubital fossa
91
Name A-E
A - Cephalic vein B - Basilic vein C - Cephalic vein D - Median Cubital Vein E - Basilic Vein
92
Name A-D
A - Abdominal Aorta B - Iliac Artery C - Common Femoral Artery D - Deep Femoral Artery
93
Name E-H
E - Superficial Femoral Artery F - Popliteal Artery G - Anterior Tibial Artery H - Posterior Tibial Artery
94
Name I-K
I - Peroneal/Fibular Artery J - Dorsalis Pedis Artery K - Pedal Arch
95
Name A-D
A - Femoral Vein B - Popliteal Vein C - Great Saphenous Vein D - Small Saphenous Vein

Medicine (13 decks)

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