Cardiovascular anatomy Flashcards
(14 cards)
visceral anatomy what organs are in it and 3 cavities
visceral organ include heart, lungs, GIT and internal reproductive organs
3 cavity- anterior view
- Thoracic cavity- heart and lungs, has a subdivision- mediastinum
- Abdominal cavity- digestive viscera
- Pelvic cavity- urinary, bladder, reproductive organs and rectum
Doral- cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
Cardiovascular system
Composed of
1) heart
4 chambered muscular pump, muscle layer known as myocardium
3) Blood vessels
-arteries
Carry blood away from the heart, usually oxygen rich
- Capillaries allow exchange of gases, nutrients between blood and tissues
- veins return the blood to heart (oxygen poor)
2) blood
Made up of plasma and cells (fluid connective tissue)
2 main circuits
- pulmonary - heart to lungs
- systemic - blood around body
Anatomy of the heat- anterior
4 chambers
- 2 atria
- 2 ventricles
2 large arteries that leave ventricles
- ascending aorta
- pulmonary trunk
2 large veins that return blood to right atrium
- inferior vena cava- head and shoulder
- superior vena cava- everywhere eles
4 pumlmonary veins
- 2 right pulmonary veins
- 2 left pulmonary veins
anatomy of the heart valves
2 atrioventricular valves
- right AV valve- tricuspid
- left AV valve- bicuspid
- Chordae tendineae
- papillary muscle
2 sets of semi-lunar valves
- pulmonary valve regulates the blood being pump by right ventricle through our pulmonary trunk into lungs
- aortic valves- controls how much blood goes out of the heart and through our body
how does the blood flow through the heart
ventricles contract, forcing blood against AV valve cusps
AV valves close
papillary muscles contract and chordae tendineae tighten, preventing valve flaps from everting into atria
Shutting of the AV valves creates a heart sound- 1st heart sound, happens when the ventricles contract. Contraction = systole where first heart sound= ventricular systole
As ventricles contract, blood is pushing up against semiluner valves, forcing them to open
As ventricles relax, valve cusps fill and close the valve to prevent backflow
Blood travels through right side of the heart and pulmonary circuit first
IVC+SVC - right atria - R AV valve - right ventricle - pulmonary valve - pulmonary trunk - lung.
Then blood trvels through left side of heart and systemic circuit
Pulmonary vein - left atria - L AV Valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta - systemic circuit
left side has much thicker as it needs to push blood all the way around the body
Three types of arteries
- elastic arteries
Thick-walled with large, low resistance lumen
Aorta and its major branches
Act as pressure reservoirs - Muscular arteries
Most named arteries
More smooth muscle Vasodilates when needed - Arterioles resistance arteries
Smooth muscle and endothelia cells
vasodilation/constriction
regulates flow to capillary beds
3 types of capillaries
- Continuous
Abundant in skin, muscles, lungs and CNS
Allows transport of fluid and small solutes
-Fenestrated
Found in areas involved in active filtration- kidney, absorption like intestines, ect
Endothelial cells contain fenestrations for increased permeability
-Sinusoidal
Most permeable and only found in limited locations like the liver
- allow large molecules and cells to pass through wall
veins features
return the blood to heart,
drain blood from venules
all layers of the wall are thinner than arteries and have larger lumens
low pressure and can expand
valves prevent backflow
60% of all blood in veins
Aorta parts
Ascending aorta
aortic arch (3 main branches)
descending aorta
- thoracic
- abdominal
aortic arch (3 main branches)
Ascending aorta
Brachiocepgalic trunk (right side)
- R common carotid
- R subclavian
subdivides - armpit region- axillary artery
- Brachial artery
- radial artery
- Ulnar artery
Left common carotid
Left subclavian
Arteries to head
common carotid
- Internal carotid- brain
- external carotid- face
Vertebral
Arteries of abdominal aorta
3 unpaired arteries- sit in middle
- celiac trunk
- superier mesenteric artery
- inferior mesenteric artery
those suppley top and bottom intestine
3 paired arteries- sit on side
- suprarenal arteries
- renal arteries - kidney
- gonadal arteries- testies or overy
aorta then divides into what-3 and arteries of leg
-common illiac
- internal
- external illiac
arteries of leg
- femoral
- anterior tibial
- posterior tibial
- fibular
Veins draining head
- external jugular
- internal jugular
