Respiratory system

Question 1

3 pharynx regions

Answer 1

• nasopharynx
• oropharynx
• laryngopharynx

Question 2

Larynx- structures and cartilages

Answer 2

• Epiglottis
• Superior (vestibular) ligament- vestibular folds: false vocal cords connected by corniculate cartilages
• Inferior (vocal) ligaments; Vocal folds: true vocal cords, Arytenoid cartilage connects
• trachea- supported by tracheal cartilage.
  Cartilages
• epiglottis- hyoid bone- thyrohyoid membrane- thyroid cartilage-

Question 3

trachea

Answer 3

• flexible ridged tube that goes down your chest

-contains hyaline cartilages and trachealis muscle posteriorly

• annular ligaments connect to cartilage rings

Question 4

Bronchi

Answer 4

• Left and right bronchi to primary bronchi to secondary to tertiary bronchi to bronchioles to terminal bronchiole
  -muscle and epithelium replaces cartilages

Question 5

Bronchioles and respiration

Answer 5

Bronchioles
- Hyaline cartilages is replaced by smooth muscle- keeps them open

• Lined by columnar cuboidal epithelium ( facilitates gas diffusion)
• terminal bronchioles to respiratory bronchioles to alveolar ducts and alveoli

Question 6

alveoli

Answer 6

• Function units of the lung- where gas exchange happens
• type 1- really thing and forms surface area 90-95% and gas exchange
  -2 alveolar cells- epithelial- chemicals secrete- lower surface tension, prevent collapsing
• Macrophages- pick up pathogens- pick them up and move up the airway to push out of the body
• endothelial cells
• very thin respiratory membrane- 0.5um
• in-between alveoli, there are capillaries- pick up oxygen take it to rest of body, drop carbon dioxides
  when the capillaries are next to each-other, the area is called respiratory membrane where gas exchange happens

Question 7

Pleura and Pleural cavities

Answer 7

Pleural layers are continuous at the hilum of each lung.
Visceral pleura
- Line the lung
- Insensitive to pain

Parietal pleura
- sensitive to pain

Question 8

lobes and fissures

Answer 8

• Both lungs are conical, with concave base resting on diaphragm
• Lung divided into lobes by fissures

Lobes
- Superior
- middle (Right side only)
- inferior

Fissures
- Horizontal (Right)
- Oblique

Question 9

Lung surfaces and borders

Answer 9

Surfaces
- Mediastinal
- diaphragmatic
- costal

Borders
- anterior
- posterior (smooth)
- Inferior