Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are possible fates of a plaque?
1) narrowing of vessel
2) plaque ulceration
3) intraplaque hemorrhage
4) peripheral emboli
5) wall weakening
What proportion of deaths are CV related?
25%
What are risk factors of CV disease?
1) age, f/h
2) diabetes
3) dyslipidemia, HTN
4) BMI > 25
5) physical inactivity
6) Tobacco use
At 55yo, how much longer can a pt with optimal risk factor profile expect to live?
14 years
Who has higher risk for CV dz – men or women?
men
Target range for cholesterol
< 180 mg/dL
Target range for fasting glucose?
< 100 mg/dL
Target range for BMI
< 25
Target range for physical activity
> 150 min/wk
What is defined as 1 serving of whole grains?
16 g = 1 oz
How many servings of whole grain per day has been shown to reduce risk for CV dz?
2.5 servings/day
What are the recommended servings for whole grain?
women: 2-3
men: 4
What are examples of whole grains?
amaranth, barley, buckwheat, corn, oat, quinoa
What nutrients are found in whole grains?
fiber, folic acid, Mg, vit E
What are sources of omega-3 fatty acids?
1) flax
2) soy/tofu
3) fatty fish
4) walnuts
What are benefits of omega-3 fatty acids?
anti-clotting anti-arrhythmic anti-inflammatory -TGs -BP
What nutrients are found in flax seed?
Mg, K, minerals,
& soluble fiber
Benefits of soluble fiber
-lipids
+laxation
What is the best source of alpha-linoleic acid?
flax seed (1 tsp = 600mg)
How much vinegar should be added to high glycemic-index foods?
1 tbsp
Benefits of adding vinegar to high glycemic-index foods?
-post-prandial glucose by 25%
+satiety (2*)
superior nutrient-calorie ratio when added to cruciferous greens
What are the recommendations for fish in pt without CVD?
fish 2 x/week
What are the recommendations for fish in patient with CVD?
0.5 - 1.8 g/day
What the recommendations for fish in patient with high TGs?
2-4 g/day
