Cardiovascular Pharmacology

Question 1

Common treatment for HTN is

Answer 1

diuretics / water pills

Question 2

Propranolol

Answer 2

C: Adrenergic drugs
MA: Specialized beta 1 AR antagonist
A: Decreased HR and reduced force of heart contractions

Question 3

Prazosin

Answer 3

C: Adrenergic drugs
MA: Alpha 1 AR antagonist
A: Block peripheral vasoconstriction to decrease TPR

Question 4

Clonidine

Answer 4

C: Adrenergic drugs
MA: Alpha 2 AR agonist
A: Inhibits excess NE release, decreasing adrenergic responses

Question 5

Diuretics Overview

Answer 5

Increase urinary output which decreases blood volume, decreasing CO and TPR = decreased BP

Question 6

Hydrochlorthiazide (HTZ)

Answer 6

C: Diuretic
MA: Thiazide diuretic
A: blocks NA+ATPase in the first segment of the DT
NA+ is not reabsorbed from the body, leading to increased water absorption in the nephron

Question 7

Furosemide

Answer 7

C: Diuretic
MA: Loop diuretic (most powerful)
A: blocks NA+ reabsorption coupled with Cl- ATPase in the ascending LOH
NA+ is not reabsorbed from the body, leading to increased water absorption in the nephron

Question 8

Amiloride

Answer 8

C: Diuretic
MA: Potassium-sparing diuretic
A: blocks NA+ATPase that is indirectly linked K+ exchange in DT
NA+ is not reabsorbed from the body, leading to increased water absorption in the nephron and potassium not being lost from the blood in the exchange

Question 9

Spironolactone

Answer 9

C: Diuretic
MA: Potassium-sparing diuretic
A: Aldosterone receptor antagonist
Blocks the receptor leading to NA+ not being reabsorbed from the body, increasing water absorption and decreasing potassium lost in the blood

Question 10

Acetazolamide

Answer 10

C: Diuretic
MA: Carbonic Anhydrase inhibitor
A: Inhibits HCO3 reabsorption back into the blood, increasing water absorption into the kidney
Used to tx Glaucoma

Question 11

Mannitol

Answer 11

C: Diuretic
MA: Osmotic diuretic
A: Travels to the kidney nephron, increasing solutes, water absorption in the kidney increases (dilute the mannitol) used to tx cerebral palsy

Question 12

Verapamil

Answer 12

C: Vasodilator
MA: Ca++ ATPase activator
A: Increases calcium transportation out of smooth muscle of BVs, causing smooth muscle relaxation

Question 13

Nitric Oxide

Answer 13

C: Vasodilator
MA: Guanylate cyclase, Ca++ ATPase activator
A: Activates guanylate cyclase and catalyzes cGNP which activates Ca++ATPase and induces smooth muscle relaxation
Tx pulmonary HTN in newborns

Question 14

Losartan

Answer 14

C: Ace system inhibitor
MA: Angiotension receptor blockers (ARB)
A: Blocks Angiotensin receptor- blocking peripheral vasoconstriction and aldosterone

Question 15

Aliskiren

Answer 15

C: Ace system inhibitor
MA: Renin inhibitor
A: inhibits renin release from kidneys, stopping RAA cascade

Question 16

Captopril

Answer 16

C: Ace system inhibitor
MA: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitor
A: inhibits the conversion on Angio 1 into Angio 2 in the lungs, blocking angiotensin 2 effects

Question 17

Metoprolol

Answer 17

C: Adrenergic drugs
MA: Specialized beta 1 AR antagonist
A: Decreased HR and reduced force of heart contractions

Question 18

Hydralazine

Answer 18

C: Vasodilator
MA: Ca++ ATPase activator
A: Increases calcium transportation out of smooth muscle of BVs, causing smooth muscle relaxation