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CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

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1
Q
  • consists of the heart and a system of blood
    vessels important in the distribution of blood to the tissues of the body and to
    the lungs for gas exchanges
  • ensures the rapid and bulk
    transportation of substances around the body
A

cardiovascular system

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2
Q

when the vascular

fluid is enclosed within the blood vessels

A

closed circulation

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3
Q

when tissues

are directly bath by fluids

A

open circulation

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4
Q

referring to the circulation

to the lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

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5
Q

referring to the circulation to the rest

of the body

A

systemic circulation

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6
Q

3 components of cardiovascular system

A
  • blood
  • heart
  • blood vessels
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7
Q

Transported in the blood

A
  • respiratory gases (O2 and CO2)
  • nutrients
  • waste products
  • specialized blood cells
  • hormones
  • heat
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8
Q

is a yellowish liquid
component of blood that holds
the blood cells in whole blood in
suspension

A

blood plasma

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9
Q

components of plasma

A
  • 55% blood
  • 91% water
  • 7% proteins
  • 2% other solutes
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10
Q

components of cellular components

A
  • 45% blood

- consists of red blood cells (44%) and other cells (wbc and platelets)

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11
Q

are the most numerous blood cells that are non-nucleated, biconcave disc-shaped cells

A

red blood cells or erythrocytes

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12
Q

generally accounts for only

1% of the total blood volume

A

white blood cells or leukocytes

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13
Q

WBC:

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

A

granulocytes

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14
Q

WBC:

monocytes and lymphocytes

A

agranulocytes

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15
Q

is a cone-shaped hollow, muscular organ

A

heart

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16
Q

is directed dorsad or craniodorsad and
is attached to other thoracic structures by large arteries, veins, and the
pericardial sac

A

base

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17
Q

is directed ventrad and is entirely free within

the pericardial sac

A

apex

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18
Q

corresponds to the serous membrane
that partially surrounds the heart, fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives
protection against infection, and provides the lubrication for the heart during
contraction

A

pericardium

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19
Q

which is a superficial fibrous layer or fibrous pericardium

A

parietal pericardium

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20
Q

which corresponds to the epicardium

A

visceral

pericardium

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21
Q

which is the outer serous covering

A

epicardium

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22
Q

which is a thick muscular layer and also forms the ventricular
septum that separates the two ventricles

A

myocardium

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23
Q

which is the

inner endothelial lining

A

endothelium

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24
Q
  • account for 50–70% of WBCs
  • these
    cells are often called polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
A

Neutrophils

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25
- account for 2–4% of all leukocytes. - large, uniformly sized granules that stain red orange with acidic dyes. - tend to increase in number during allergic and parasitic condition.
Eosinophils
26
- account for only 0.5–1.0% of leukocytes - slightly smaller than neutrophils, they contain granules that stain purplish-black in the presence of basic dyes.
Basophils
27
- account for 3–8% of leukocytes. - they contain a kidney- or horseshoe-shaped nucleus. - after leaving the bloodstream, monocytes become macrophages.
Monocytes
28
- account for 25% of the WBCs - contain a large, dark-purple-staining nucleus. - produces antibodies, neutralizes or fixes toxins
Lymphocytes
29
- thrombocytes - smallest of the formed elements - responsible for blood clotting
Platelets
30
- are responsible in receiving blood (right from the systemic circulation, left from pulmonary circulation) - thin-walled chambers each of which features an appendage
atria (plural of atrium)
31
are responsible in pumping blood (right to the pulmonary | circulation, left to the systemic circulation)
ventricles
32
circulation of blood through the heart
vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta → body
33
are also present within the heart that separate the atrium and ventricles, and prevent backflow of blood
valves
34
one that separates the atrium | and pulmonary artery
pulmonary valve
35
separates | the atrium and the aorta
aortic valve.
36
- are fibrous cords that tether the free margin of the valve cusp to the interior of the ventricular wall - prevent the valve from everting into the atrium when the ventricle contracts and closes the atrioventricular valve by forcing the blood against the ventricular side of the valve
chordae tendinae
37
are small muscular protrusions that projects into the lumina of the ventricles and attached to the chordae tendinae
papillary muscles
38
cranial and caudal – delivers the blood from the systemic circulation back to the right atrium of the heart
vena cava
39
that carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs
pulmonary artery
40
that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the | left atrium
pulmonary vein
41
that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle | to all parts of the body (systemic circulation)
aorta
42
- are tubular structures that carry blood away from the heart - They are lined with endothelium however; the walls of arteries are thicker and elastic which are properties important in maintaining blood pressure
Arteries and arterioles
43
- are the smallest blood vessels composed entirely of endothelium and can only accommodate a single pile of erythrocytes - The wall of capillaries acts as a selectively permeable membrane that permits water, oxygen, and nutrients to leave the blood for tissue cells and permits waste products from tissue cells to enter the blood
Capillaries
44
merge into larger veins
venules
45
are larger in diameter than | arteries, but have thinner walls
veins
46
is represented by one complete cycle of cardiac | contraction and relaxation that occurs in a specific sequence
cardiac cycle
47
refers to the relaxation of a chamber of the heart just prior to and during the filling of the chamber
diastole
48
refers to the contraction of a chamber of the | heart that drives blood out of the chamber.
systole
49
the first sound or S! that marks the beginning of systole
lub
50
the second sound or S" that marks the beginning of diastole
dub
51
is usually associated with the rapid | ventricular filling phase after the initial opening of the atrioventricular valve
third | heart sound
52
is usually associated with atrial contraction
fourth heart sound
53
is both controlled by both sympathetic (increase rate) and parasympathetic (reduce rate) nervous system.
SA node
54
pacemaker of the heart
sinoatrial (SA) node
55
located in the intra-atrial septum
atrioventricular (AV) node
56
- bundle of his | - extends from AV node into the ventricle
common bundle
57
also called an appendage
auricle
58
valves of the heart
- atrioventricular valve | - semilunar valve
59
2 atrioventricular valve
right - tricuspid valve | left - bicuspid valve
60
2 semilunar valve
- aortic valve | - pulmonary valve
61
``` Pathway of deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it gets rid of CO2 and is resupplied with oxygen, then back to the heart ```
Pulmonary Circulation
62
Movement of oxygenated blood to all areas of the body and the return of deoxygenated blood to the heart.
systemic circulation
63
measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between beats and is refilled with blood
diastolic blood pressure
64
measures the pressure in the arteries when the heart muscle contracts
systolic blood pressure
65
Abnormally slow | heartbeat
Bradycardia
66
Abnormally rapid | heartbeat.
Tachycardia
67
No heart | beat.
Arrhythmia
68
a condition due to reduced number of red blood cells or | hemoglobin content in the blood
Anemia
69
a condition due to excessive red blood cells | circulating in the blood
Polycythemia
70
a condition associated with a decrease in the number | of white blood cells.
Leucopenia
71
a condition associated with an increase in the | number of white blood cells.
Leukocytosis
72
the blood clot attached to the interior wall of either a | vein or an artery.
Thrombus
73
refers to the clot that is circulating in the blood
Embolus

ZOOT 1 100 (11 decks)

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