REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
1
Q
- pouch or diverticulum of the abdomen - containing the testes and serving as a thermoregulator
A
Scrotum
2
Q
double muscular system (2)
A
- external cremaster muscle
- tunica dartos
3
Q
composed of a loop system of veins and arteries that
allows heat exchange
A
pampiniform plexus
4
Q
is the organ of copulation in males
A
penis
5
Q
part of penis
- free extremity
- soft terminal portion of the penis
A
glans penis
6
Q
part of penis
- main portion
- formed by the urethra and the erectile tissue
A
body
7
Q
part of penis
- roots/pizzle eye
- attached to the ischial arch of the pelvis
- beginning portion is the bulbuorethral muscle
A
crura
8
Q
part of penis
- curving of the penis
- reduces the length of the non-erect penis to 1/3
A
sigmoid flexure
9
Q
type of erectile tissue of penis
- two spongy areas near the glans penis and are engorged with blood to cause an erection and extension during copulation
A
corpora cavernosa
10
Q
type of erectile tissue of penis
- the spongy tissue surrounding the urethra
A
corpus spongiosum
11
Q
penis of ruminants and swine
A
fibroelastic penis
12
Q
penis of horse, dog, cat
A
musculocavernous penis
13
Q
penis of species
- enlarged blunt concave body
A
equine
14
Q
penis of species
- tapering with a twist clockwise
A
bovine
15
Q
penis of species
- corkscrew shaped
A
porcine
16
Q
penis of species
- very long, extending the entire length of the os penis
A
canine
17
Q
penis of species
- irregular shaped with filiform urethral process
A
ovine/caprine
18
Q
penis of species
- has cornified spine
A
feline
19
Q
invagination of the skin enclosing the free extremity of the retracted penis and its opening is covered by coarse hairs
A
Prepuce
20
Q
- a sac dorsal to the
prepuce - can be found in
animals, especially in boars
A
preputial diverticulum
21
Q
mixture of fatty
secretion, cast of epithelial
cells and bacteria
A
smegma
22
Q
- male gonads; primary sex organs
- suspended by the spermatic cord
- housed outside the abdomen in the scrotum
- produce spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules
- produce male hormones or androgens in the microscopic interstitial cells located between the seminiferous tubules
A
testes
23
Q
inner part of testes
- basement membrane
- are the site of germination, maturation, and transportation of sperm cells
- have sertoli, sustentacular, and nurse cells
A
seminiferous tubules
24
Q
help provide nourishment and support to developing sperm cells
A
sertoli cells (sustentacular cells or nurse cells)
25
inner part of testes
- responsible in producing and secreting testosterone and other androgens essential for sexual development and puberty, secondary sexual characteristics
leydig cells (interstitial cells)
26
network of tubules
| connected to the seminiferous tubules
Rete testis
27
connect the rete
testis and epididymis; collectively forms
the epididymal duct
Efferent ductules
28
within the semiferous tubules
- undifferentiated
male germ cells
spermatogonia
29
within the semiferous tubules
| - 1° and 2°
spermatocytes
30
within the semiferous tubules
| - fully differentiated; motile sperm cell
spermatozoon
31
- composed of long, convoluted epididymal duct that
connects the efferent ductules of the testis with the ductus deferens.
- houses the spermatozoa as they
mature before they are expelled
by ejaculation
epididymis
32
part of epididymis
| - connected to the efferent ductules
head
33
part of epididymis
| - located along the long axis of the testis
body
34
part of epididymis
| - located lowest to the scrotum
tail
35
undergoes peristaltic contractions
during ejaculation, propelling the
spermatozoa from the epididymis
to the urethra
ductus deferens (vas deferens)
36
serves the reproductive and urinary systems, is the tube
| passing through the penis to the outside of the body
urethra
37
- are glandular
enlargements associated with the terminal parts of the ductus deferens
- contribute volume to the semen
ampullae
38
are paired glands associated with the genital fold. They are located
on the floor of the pelvis cranial and lateral to ampulla and the neck of the bladder. They produce and add fructose, ascorbic acid and citric acid to the
semen
vesicular glands (seminal vesicles)
39
is located caudal and around the bladder or
the cranial portion of the pelvic urethra. It secretes alkaline solution that helps
clean and lubricate the urethra before coitus
prostate gland
40
is located in the bulbourethral muscles and functions
| similarly with the prostate and seminal vesicles
bulbourethral gland (cowper's gland)
41
accessory glands of species
- well-developed ampullae than horse
- lobulated vesicular glands
- indistinct lobe prostate glands
- ox-walnut size; ram-larger than ox (bulbourethral gland
ruminants
42
accessory glands of species
- absent ampullae
- pyramidal vesicular glands
- indistinct lobe prostate glands
- thick cigar-shaped lobulated bulbourethral gland
boar
43
accessory glands of species
- well-developed ampullae
- pear-shaped vesicular glands
- 3 lobes prostate glands
- oval and small bulbourethral gland
stallion
44
accessory glands of species
- dog-not well developed ampullae; cat-absent ampullae
- no vesicular glands
- well-developed prostate glands
- dog-no bulbourethral gland; cat-pea sized bulbourethral gland
carnivore
45
removal of the testes of the male animal
Castration
46
absence of one or both testes from
| the scrotum
Cryptorchidism
47
transection (ligation and/or removal of a
| section) of the ductus deferens
Vasectomy
48
```
portion of the
reproductive tract
between the vagina
and the external
genitalia
```
Vestibule
49
external genitalia of the
female; comprises right
and left labia
Vulva
50
```
a structure of
erectile tissue that has
the same embryonic
origin as the penis in
the male
```
clitoris
51
secretes mucus to enhance
| copulatory process
vestibular gland (bartholin's gland)
52
lies within the pelvis between the uterus
cranially and the vulva caudally
site of semen deposition during copulation
passageway for fetal and placental delivery
vagina
53
opening into the
bladder on the floor of the vagina; located
posterior to the site of the hymen
Urethral orifice
54
transverse fold that separates
the anterior from the posterior vagina;
expanded at the time of first copulation
Hymen
55
consists of a body, a
cervix (neck), and
two horns
uterus
56
incubator of zygote
fetal development
57
type of uterus
- the uterus is divided into two horns,
such as in pig (sow), dog (bitch), and cat (queen)
bicornuate
58
type of uterus
- the body is
divided into two parts, such as ox (cow), sheep (ewe), and horse (mare)
bipartite
59
type of uterus
| - the uterus is composed of a single cavity, such as in primates
simplex
60
type of uterus
- the horns are completely separated and have separate cervices
opening into the vagina, such as in rabbit (doe) and rodent
duplex
61
wide fold of peritoneum that
connects the sides of the
uterus to the walls and floor
of the pelvis
Broad Ligament
62
portion of broad ligament
- is the largest portion attach to the body of the uterus; the
mesentery of the uterus
mesometrium
63
portion of broad ligament
- is the portion attached to the uterine horn; the
mesentery of the Fallopian
tube
mesosalpinx
64
portion of broad ligament
- is
the portion attached to the ovaries; the
mesentery of the ovaries
Mesovarium
65
- the neck of the uterus
- is a sphincter-like structure that
serves as a muscular “valve” keeping the uterus sealed-off from the vagina
most of the time
- during estrus the cervix
relaxes slightly,
permitting spermatozoa
to enter the uterus
cervix
66
```
series
of circular ridges or
rings on the inner
surface of the cervix; in
ruminants and sow
```
annular folds
67
arch-like structure formed by the projecting cervix. in mares
vaginal fornix
68
is composed of several layers that undergoes
morphologic changes depending on the physiologic condition of the animals,
especially during pregnancy.
uterine wall
69
structure of uterus
- is the
muscular portion of the uterine wall that increase in size (becomes thicker)
during pregnancy
myometrium (tunica muscularis)
70
structure of uterus
- innermost layer, prevents adhesion
between opposing walls. It is composed of highly glandular tissues that varies
in thickness and vascularity in response to hormonal changes in the ovary
and with pregnancy
endometrium
71
structure of uterus
- mushroom-like non-glandular
projections found at the inner surfaces of the
uterine horn and body; provide a site of
attachment for the fetal membranes
Caruncles
72
structure of uterus
- circular structures distributed
in ruminant placenta
cotyledon
73
- is involved in
sperm capacitation (refers to the physiological changes of spermatozoa
allowing them to penetrate and fertilize an egg)
- it serves as the
site of fertilization and embryo cleavage before implantation
uterine tube (Fallopian tube or oviduct)
74
part of uterine tube
| - funnel like structure that pick up the ovulated egg
infundibulum
75
fringe-like margin of the infundibulum
fimbria
76
part of uterine tube
| - site of fertilization
Ampulla
77
part of uterine tube
- constricted portion of the oviduct after the ampulla that opens
into the body of the uterus
Isthmus
78
is the female gonad homologous to the male testis. It is
responsible in producing the hormones estrogen and progesterone, and in
the development of ova or eggs
ovary
79
part of ovary
- consisting of
fibroelastic connective tissue, nerve, and blood vessels
medulla
80
part of ovary
| - containing different stages of ovarian follicles
cortex
81
is a modified skin gland responsible in the
| synthesizes and production of milk
mammary gland
82
Produced milk is temporarily collected and
| stored in the ____
gland cistern
83
secretory unit of mammary gland
alveolus
84
narrow passage from the
lactiferous sinus to the
exterior
Papillary duct or teat canal
85
collective term
applied to all the mammary
glands in ruminants and
horse.
Udder
86
phase of estrous cycle
- building-up phase; ovarian follicle (under the
influence of FSH and LH) enlarges and begins to secrete
estrogens
Proestrus
87
phase of estrous cycle
- period of sexual receptivity, is primarily initiated by the
elevation in estrogens from mature follicles just prior to
ovulation; standing heat
Estrus
88
phase of estrous cycle
- end of sexual receptivity, postovulatory phase
dominated by corpus luteum function; serum estrogens
decrease and progesterone increases
Metestrus
89
phase of estrous cycle
- short period of sexual inactivity between recurrent
periods of estrus
Diestrus
90
phase of estrous cycle
- long periods between cycles of polyestrous animals
that stop cycling (e.g., due to change in season) enter a long
period of inactivity
Anetrus
91
preovulatory increase in estrogens
from developing follicles is the primary event that brings
about ovulation; e.g. rabbit, ferret, mink, camel, llama, and
alpaca
spontaneous ovulators
92
the final preovulatory surge of GnRH,
and subsequent LH surge, is apparently dependent on a
neural reflex elicited by vaginal stimulation; e.g. rodents,
koala, cats
induced ovulators
93
condition of a female animal while young are
| developing within her uterus
pregnancy
94
the stage of pregnancy at which the embryo
| adheres to the wall of the uterus
implantation
95
the development of fetal membranes
placentation
96
avian reproductive system
- only the left side
develops; mature ovum = egg yolk
Ovary
97
avian reproductive system
| - site of fertilization
Infundibulum
98
avian reproductive system
- ampulla, secretes
majority of albumen
Magnum
99
avian reproductive system
- secretes some albumen
and the shell membranes
Isthmus
100
avian reproductive system
| - shell gland
Uterus
101
avian reproductive system
- secretes the egg’s outer
cuticle and possibly the shell
pigment
Vagina
102
avian reproductive system
| - expulsion of the egg
Oviposition
