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ZOOT 1 100 > SKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

SKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

is composed of several types of bones based on

their appearance, location, and functions

A

skeletal system

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2
Q

Functions of Bones

A
  • support
  • for storage of minerals
  • blood cell production
  • protection
    of internal tissues/ organs
  • leverage
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3
Q

About ___ of bones are an

organic framework of fibrous tissues and cells

A

1/3

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4
Q

About ___ of bones are

inorganic component

A

2/3

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5
Q

1/3 of bones includes _____ and _____ that is called ______

A

collagen - polysaccharides - glycosaminoglycans

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6
Q

Glycosaminoglycans contains _____

A

chondroitin sulfate

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7
Q

Glycosaminoglycans gives bones _____ and _____

A

resilience - toughness

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8
Q

2/3 of bones includes _____ and _____ that give bone _____ and _____

A

largely of calcium - phosphorus salts - hardness - rigidity

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9
Q

are dense or cortical, with a hard-exterior layer

and forms almost the entire shaft of long bones

A

compact bones

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10
Q

are
spongy bones composed spicules arranged to form a porous (reticular)
network with spaces usually filled with marrow

A

cancellous bones

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11
Q

is the space surrounded by the cortex of a long bone

A

medullary cavity or marrow cavity

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12
Q

In young animals, this cavity is filled with _____, mainly composed of ______, and is gradually replaced by ______ as the animal ages

A

red marrow - hematopoietic tissues - yellow marrow

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13
Q

referring to

either end of a long bone (extremity)

A

epiphysis

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14
Q

the cylindrical shaft of a long bone

between the two epiphyses

A

diaphysis

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15
Q
  • referring to the flared (erupting)
    area adjacent to the epiphysis of a mature bone
  • area where the cortical bone become thinner
A

metaphysis

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16
Q
  • a layer of hyaline cartilage within the metaphysis that separates the
    diaphysis from epiphysis of an immature bone
  • area in which a bone can increase in length
A

epiphyseal cartilage or

disk

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17
Q

is a thin

layer of hyaline cartilage that covers that articular (joint) surface of a bone

A

Articular cartilage

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18
Q

is a fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone

except where the articular cartilage is located

A

periosteum

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19
Q

is the

fibrous membrane that lines the marrow cavity

A

endosteum

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20
Q

are the bone-producing cells

A

osteoblasts

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21
Q

are the bone-destroying

cells

A

osteoclasts

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22
Q
  • are greater in one dimension than any other
  • function
    chiefly as levers and aid in support, locomotion, and prehension
A

Long bones

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23
Q

examples of long bone

A
  • femur
  • tibia
  • fibula
  • metatarsals
  • humerus
  • ulna
  • radius
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges
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24
Q
  • are cuboid, or approximately equal in all
    dimensions; interior is composed of spongy bone filled with marrow spaces
  • absorb concussion, and they are found in complex joints, such as carpals and
    tarsals
A

Short bones

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25
Q

examples of short bone

A
  • carpals

- tarsals

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26
Q
  • are relatively thin and expanded in two dimensions
  • chiefly
    for the protection of vital organs
A

Flat bones

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27
Q

spongy material that separates lamina externa from interna

A

diploe

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28
Q

examples of flat bone

A
  • sternum
  • ribs
  • scapula
  • cranial bones
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29
Q
  • are so called because of their fancied
    resemblance to a sesame seed
  • reduce friction, increase leverage, or change
    the direction of pull, such as the patella.
A

Sesamoid bones

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30
Q

examples of sesamoid bone

A
  • patellae
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31
Q

contain air

spaces or sinuses that communicate with the atmosphere

A

Pneumatic bones

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32
Q
  • are unpaired bones on the median plane
  • protection,
    support, and muscular attachment such as the vertebrae and fascial bones
A

Irregular bones

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33
Q

examples of irregular bone

A
  • vertebrae

- facial bones

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34
Q

located along the axis of the body

and composed of the bones of the head and trunk of the vertebrae

A

axial skeleton

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35
Q

are bones associated with the appendages of the

body, such as the bones of the limb, including the bones that unite them

A

appendicular skeleton

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36
Q

are any bony formation in an organ such as in the heart,

tongue and penis or certain animals

A

visceral skeleton

37
Q

axial - cranium part

form the caudal and dorsal walls

A

The occipital, parietal, interparietal, and frontal bones

38
Q

axial - cranium part
form the lateral and
ventral walls

A

the temporal and sphenoid bones

39
Q

axial - cranium part

forms the rostral wall

A

ethmoid bone

40
Q

has the cornual process or the bony projections, except polled animals,
covered by the horn

A

frontal bone

41
Q

contain the middle and inner ears

A

temporal bones

42
Q

supports the brain and pituitary gland

A

sphenoid bone

43
Q

presents the numerous openings for passage of the olfactory nerves for the
sense of smell

A

ethmoid bone

44
Q
  • or the bony socket that
    protects the eye
  • is surrounded by the frontal, lacrimal and zygomatic bones
A

orbital region

45
Q
  • is bordered dorsally by the nasal bones
  • laterally by the
    maxillae and incisive bones
  • ventrally by the palatine processes of the
    maxillae, incisive, and palatine bones.
A

nasal region

46
Q

separates the nasal

passages

A

vomer bone

47
Q

which is scroll-like that projects into

the nasal passages

A

conchae or turbinate bone

48
Q

is roofed by the maxillae and incisive

bones, and palatine bone, and ventrolateral walls by the mandible

A

oral region

49
Q

contain the teeth of the upper dental

arcade (incisive bones of ruminant lack teeth)

A

maxillae and incisive bones

50
Q

contains
all the lower teeth and provides attachments for muscles for chewing and
swallowing

A

mandible

51
Q

have well-developed articular processes to

accommodate the large range of motions of the neck

A

Cervical vertebrae

52
Q

The first cervical

vertebra

A

atlas

53
Q

the second cervical vertebra

A

axis

54
Q

are characterized by well-developed spinous processes

and articular facets for the ribs.

A

thoracic vertebrae

55
Q

have large, flat

transverse processes that project laterad

A

lumbar vertebrae

56
Q

are fused to

form a single wedge-shaped bone, the sacrum

A

sacral vertebrae

57
Q

single wedge-shaped bone

A

sacrum

58
Q

form

the bony basis for the tail.

A

caudal vertebrae

59
Q

forms the ventrum of the bony thorax
and gives attachment to the costal cartilages of the ribs as well as providing
a bony origin for the pectoral muscles

A

sternum

60
Q

cranial extremity of the sternum

A

manubrium

61
Q

middle portion of the sternum

A

body

62
Q

the caudal extremity

A

xiphoid process

63
Q

form the lateral walls of the bony thorax

A

ribs

64
Q

is relatively flat triangular

bone

A

scapula or shoulder blade

65
Q

is present in birds and primates

A

clavicle or collarbone

66
Q

forms the arm bone

A

humerus

67
Q

in mammals, radius is ____ than the ulna

A

larger

68
Q

in birds, radius is ____ than the ulna

A

smaller

69
Q

in equine and bovine, radius and ulna are ____

A

fused

70
Q

in dogs and cats, radius and ulna are ____

A

separate

71
Q

is composed of two rows of small

bones.

A

carpus

72
Q

is located distal to the carpus

A

metacarpus

73
Q

in horse, metacarpus is a ______

A

single large bone

74
Q

in ox and sheep, metacarpus is composed of _______ and also called _______

A

fused 3rd and 4th metacarpal bones - cannon bone

75
Q

in pigs, it is composed of ___ bones

A

4

76
Q

digits are numbered from _____

A

1-5, depending on the species

77
Q

the proximal

phalanx in horses

A

long pastern bone

78
Q

the middle phalanx in horses

A

short pastern bone

79
Q

the distal phalanx in horses

A

coffin bone

80
Q

consists of a circle of bones comprises three bones which are fused to form the
os coxae, or pelvic bone

A

pelvis

81
Q

is the largest

and most dorsal part of the pelvic cavity

A

ilium

82
Q

forms majority of the floor of the pelvic cavity

A

ischium

83
Q

is the smallest of the three and forms the cranial part of the floor of the
pelvic cavity

A

pubis

84
Q 
extends from the coxofemoral (hip) joint to 
the stifle (human knee) joint
A

femur or thigh bone

85
Q

are the bones of the true leg (crus)

A

tibia and fibula

86
Q

is composed of the multiple small bones that corresponds to the human
ankle

A

tarsus or

hock

87
Q

rostral bone in
swine, the soft tissue of
the external nares

A

Os rostri

88
Q 
cardiac 
skeleton in bovine; 
around the origin of the 
aorta and pulmonary 
artery at the base of the 
heart.
A

Os cordis

89
Q
  • penile bone (baculum or os priapi) in the
    canine family, also in gorilla and chimpanzee
  • located
    above the male urethra, and it aids sexual reproduction
    by maintaining sufficient stiffness during sexual
    penetration.
A

Os penis

ZOOT 1 100 (11 decks)

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