Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow to a part of the body.

Answer 1

ischemia

Question 1

Are structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop normally before birth and are the most common type of birth defect.

Answer 1

Congenital heart defects

Question 2

Most common type of heart disease. It is atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces the blood supply to the heart muscle. This creates an insufficient supply of oxygen that can cause angina (pain), myocardial infarction (heart attack), or death.

Answer 2

Coronary artery disease (CAD)
also known as coronary heart disease or ischemic heart disease

Question 3

means to hold back

Answer 3

isch

Question 4

means blood

Answer 4

-emia

Question 5

Condition in which severe episodes of chest pain occur due to an inadequate blood flow to the myocardium. These episodes are due to ischemia of the heart muscle, usually caused by coronary artery disease, and often progressively worsen as the blood flow continues to be compromised until a myocardial infarction occurs.

Answer 5

Angina

Question 6

Commonly known as heart attack. Is the occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup.

Answer 6

Myocardial infarction

Question 7

The term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle.

Answer 7

Cardiomyopathy

Question 8

An abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listening to the heart or a neigh-boring large blood vessel. Are most often caused by defective heart valves, but they do not usually require surgery unless they affect the patient’s quality of life

Answer 8

heart murmur

Question 9

The abnormal protrusion of a mitral valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely

Answer 9

mitral valve prolapse

Question 10

A buildup of calcium and fat deposits in the aortic valve, a condition most prevalent in adults over age 65. This causes a narrowing that prevents the valve from opening fully

Answer 10

Aortic stenosis

Question 11

Also called insufficiency or incompetency, occurs when the mitral valve does not close tightly, thus allowing blood to leak back through the opening

Answer 11

Mitral valve regurgitation

Question 12

Event in which the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively.

Answer 12

Cardiac arrest

Question 13

An inherited or medically acquired heart rhythm disorder that can cause fast, chaotic, and potentially dangerous arrythmias. The name comes from the unusual pattern on the electrocardiogram of those with this disease.

Answer 13

Long QT syndrome (LQTS)

Question 14

Also known as A-fib, is the most common type of tachycardia. It occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, uncontrolled twitching of the muscular heart wall. This causes an irregular and quivering action of the atria. Some of the increased electrical impulses reach the ventricles, and this makes them contract more rapidly and less efficiently than normal, producing an irregular rate of 80-180 BPM or more.

Answer 14

Atrial fibrillation

Question 15

Also known as V-fib, consists of rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles. Instead of pumping strongly, the heart muscle quivers ineffectively. This condition is the cause of many sudden cardiac deaths.

Answer 15

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 16

The inflammation of a blood vessel

Answer 16

Vasculitis

Question 17

Sometimes called giant cell arteritis, is caused by inflammation of the temporal arteries supplying blood to the head and brain. Symptoms include headaches, double vision, and jaw pain. Can cause unilateral or bilateral blindness, and more rarely, a stroke.

Answer 17

Temporal arteritis

Question 18

A deficiency of blood passing through an organ or body part.

Answer 18

Hypoperfusion

Question 19

A localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery. The rupture of this can be fatal because of the rapid loss of blood.

Answer 19

Aneurysm

Question 20

Also known as venous insufficiency, is a condition in which venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or to the leakage of venous valves. This condition primarily affects the feet and ankles, and the leakage of venous blood into the tissues causes discoloration of the skin.

Answer 20

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)

Question 21

The inflammation of a vein. Also known as thrombophlebitis, because the walls of the vein are often infiltrated and a thrombus (blood clot) formed. This condition usually occurs in a superficial vein.

Answer 21

Phlebitis

Question 22

Are abnormally swollen veins that usually occur in the superficial veins of the legs. This condition occurs when the valves in these veins do not function properly, so blood pools in the veins, causing them to enlarge.

Answer 22

Varicose veins

Question 23

The abnormal condition of having a thrombus

Answer 23

Thrombosis

Question 24

A blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

Answer 24

Thrombus

Question 25

The blocking of an artery by thrombus

Answer 25

Thrombotic occlusion

Question 26

The sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus.

Answer 26

embolism

Question 27

A foreign object, such as a blood clot, a quantity of air or gas, or a bit of tissue or tumor that is circulating in the blood

Answer 27

embolus

Question 28

Disorders of blood vessels that are located outside of the heart and brain. Usually involve narrowing of the vessels that carry blood to the legs, arms, stomach, or kidneys.

Answer 28

Peripheral vascular diseases

Question 29

An example of peripheral vascular disease that is caused by atherosclerosis.

Answer 29

Peripheral artery disease (PAD)

Question 30

A peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold temperatures or stress. The symptoms, which are due to constricted circulation, are associated with numbness and include skin in the affected areas turning white or blue.

Answer 30

Raynaud's disease

Question 31

Hypertension Stage 2 is what systolic and diastolic?

Answer 31

Systolic: 140 or higher Diastolic: 90 or higher

Question 32

Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up and remains lower than normal as long as the patient remains standing.

Answer 32

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 33

X-ray of the blood vessels after the injection of a contrast medium.

Answer 33

Angiography

Question 34

A diagnostic and treatment procedure in which a catheter is passed into a vein or artery and then guided into the heart. A contrast dye injected through the catheter during angiography shows any disruptions in blood flow, and angioplasty (widening a narrowed blood vessel) can then be performed via the catheter.

Answer 34

Cardiac Catheterization

Question 35

Technique of mechanically widening a narrowed or obstructed blood vessel

Answer 35

angioplasty

Question 36

The surgical removal of the lining of a portion of a clogged carotid artery leading to the brain

Answer 36

carotid endarterectomy

Question 37

The emergency use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm

Answer 37

Defibrillation

Question 38

Procedure that uses radio-frequency energy (heat) or cryoablation (extreme cold) to scar or destroy the heart tissue triggering an abnormal heart rhythm

Answer 38

Cardiac ablation

Question 39

A connection between blood vessels. Used in surgery to connect two arteries, two veins, or an artery to a vein.

Answer 39

anastomosis