Muscular System

Question 1

Th body has more than how many muscles? which makes up about what percentage of the body’s weight?

Answer 1

600
- 40 to 45%

Question 2

Long, slender cells that make up muscles. Bound together by connective tissue.

Answer 2

Muscle fibers

Question 3

A band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups of muscle. Flexible to allow muscle movements.

Answer 3

Fascia

Question 4

Pertaining to muscle tissue and fascia

Answer 4

myofascial

Question 5

A narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.

Answer 5

Tendon

Question 6

Bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another bone.

Answer 6

ligament

Question 7

Are attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible. Voluntary. Striated muscles (create striped appearance)

Answer 7

Skeletal muscles

Question 8

Located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands. Their function is to move and control the flow of fluids through these structures. Involuntary. Unstriated. Visceral muscles because they are found in hollow structures (digestive and urinary tract). Found in large internal organs except for the heart.

Answer 8

Smooth muscle

Question 9

Also known as myocardium, or cardiac muscle, form the muscular walls of the heart. Striated and involuntary. This causes constant contraction and relaxation of the heartbeat.

Answer 9

Myocardial muscles

Question 10

The stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve. Motor nerves enable the brain to stimulate a muscle to contract. When the stimulation stops, the muscle relaxes. Motor nerves control the body’s voluntary muscular contractions.

Answer 10

Innervation

Question 11

Pertaining to the relationship between nerve and muscle.

Answer 11

neuromuscular

Question 12

Moves the arm away from the body.

Answer 12

Abduction

Question 13

Moves the arm towards the body

Answer 13

Adduction

Question 14

Increases the angle of the elbow and moves the hand away from the body

Answer 14

Extension

Question 15

Decreases the angle of the elbow and moves the hand toward the body

Answer 15

Flexion

Question 16

Circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint.

Answer 16

Rotation

Question 17

The circular movement at the far end of a limb

Answer 17

Circumduction

Question 18

Turning the arm so the palm of the hand is turned downward.

Answer 18

Pronation

Question 19

Turning the arm so that the palm of the hand is turned upward.

Answer 19

Supination

Question 20

Bends the foot upward at the ankle.

Answer 20

Dorsiflexion

Question 21

Bends the foot downward at the ankle.

Answer 21

Plantar flexion

Question 22

means to lead

Answer 22

duct

Question 23

means action

Answer 23

-ion

Question 24

The extreme extension or overextension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit.

Answer 24

Hyperextension

Question 25

The act of raising or lifting a body part.

Answer 25

Elevation

Question 26

Act of lowering a body part

Answer 26

Depression

Question 27

Where the muscle begins, and it is located nearest the midline of the body o on a less movable part of the skeleton.

Answer 27

Origin

Question 28

Where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon. More movable attachment and is the farthest point from the midline of the body.

Answer 28

Insertion

Question 29

means collar bone

Answer 29

cleid/o

Question 30

thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall

Answer 30

pectoralis major

Question 31

Means slanted or at an angle.

Answer 31

Oblique

Question 32

Means in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body.

Answer 32

Rectus

Question 33

A ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway.

Answer 33

sphincter

Question 34

means head

Answer 34

-ceps

Question 35

The largest muscle of the buttock.

Answer 35

gluteus maximus

Question 36

muscle in the forehead. raises and lowers the eyebrows

Answer 36

frontalis

Question 37

muscle moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

Answer 37

temporalis

Question 38

One of the strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

Answer 38

masseter

Question 39

flex and rotate the vertical column. flex the torso and compress the abdomen.

Answer 39

external oblique

Question 40

flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help us breathe, and rotate the spine

Answer 40

internal oblique

Question 41

helps flex the trunk, assists in breathing, and supports the spine

Answer 41

rectus abdominis

Question 42

located on the side of the abdomen.

Answer 42

transverse abdominis

Question 43

calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward.

Answer 43

gastrocnemius

Question 44

a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness.

Answer 44

exercise physiologist

Question 45

helps enable patients to participate in the activities of daily life, including self-care, education, work, or social interaction.

Answer 45

occupational therapist

Question 46

is a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function.

Answer 46

physiatrist

Question 47

Deals with muscle and fibrous tissue pain. debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms

Answer 47

fibromyalgia

Question 48

chronic condition characterized by pain due to repetitive overuse or an injury that has not healed.

Answer 48

tendinosis

Question 49

Disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems. A debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity. Related symptoms between this and fibromyalgia.

Answer 49

Chronic fatigue syndrome

Question 50

A band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally. Can form in muscles or internal organs, as the result of an injury or surgery.

Answer 50

adhesion

Question 51

Weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures. Can be caused by pathology o by disuse of the muscle over a long period of time.

Answer 51

atrophy

Question 52

Condition of physically wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS.

Answer 52

Cachexia

Question 53

Occurs when tissue, such as part of an internal organ, protrudes through a week area in the muscle normally containing it.

Answer 53

hernia

Question 54

Tenderness or pain in the muscles

Answer 54

myalgia

Question 55

A muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

Answer 55

Polymyositis

Question 56

Serious syndrome that can result from a direct or indirect muscle injury. The death of muscle fibers releases their contents into the bloodstream, where they can lead to complications such as renal failure.

Answer 56

Rhabdomyolysis (rhabdomy/o means striated muscle) lysis means break down

Question 57

The loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging.

Answer 57

Sarcopenia (sarc/o means flesh and -penia means deficiency)

Question 58

means lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Answer 58

Atonic

Question 59

is a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles

Answer 59

Dystonia

Question 60

A condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles. Infants with this are sometimes described as having floppy baby syndrome.

Answer 60

Hypotonia

Question 61

is the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Answer 61

Ataxia (tax means coordination)

Question 62

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.

Answer 62

contracture

Question 63

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

Answer 63

Intermittent claudication (intermittent: intervals and claudication: limping)

Question 64

Quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles. May occur normally as a person is falling asleep or as the jerks, shakes, or spasms resulting from a neurological disorder such as epilepsy, a metabolic condition, or a response to medication.

Answer 64

Myoclonus (clon means violent action)

Question 65

Also known as hiccups, is myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm.

Answer 65

Singultus

Question 66

Also known as wryneck, is a stiff neck du to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.

Answer 66

Torticollis

Question 67

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction (where the neuron activates the muscle to contract) and produces weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles, especially in the eye, face, and throat. Eye and eyelid movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing are often affected by this condition.

Answer 67

Myasthenia gravis (asthenia means weakness or lack of strength)

Question 68

The most common form of muscular dystrophy in children. This condition affects primarily boys with onset between the ages of 3 and 5 years. The disorder progresses rapidly so that most of these children are unable to walk by age 12 and later develop breathing difficulties and heart disease.

Answer 68

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 69

involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment, an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles in the arm or leg. This syndrome can be caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts, or repetitive activities such as running.

Answer 69

Compartment syndrome

Question 70

also known as rotator cuff tendinitis , occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

Answer 70

impingement syndrome

Question 71

a benign, fluid-filled lump that usually occurs on the outer surface of the wrist or hand, sometimes as a result of a past injury. This swelling, which is most common in women between ages 20 and 40, is usually painless and does not require treatment.

Answer 71

ganglion cyst

Question 72

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone, causing pain that is often mistaken for plantar fasciitis.

Answer 72

heel spur

Question 73

also known as plantar fasciopathy , is an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot. This condition causes foot or heel pain when walking or running

Answer 73

planta fasciitis

Question 74

an injury to a joint, such as an ankle, knee, or wrist, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn.

Answer 74

sprain

Question 75

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

Answer 75

paralysis

Question 76

What is slight muscular paralysis? What is slight paralysis affecting one side of the body? What is total paralysis affecting only one side of the body? What is the paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body? What is paralysis of all four extremities?

Answer 76

- Myoparesis - Hemiparesis - Hemiplegia - Paraplegia - Quadriplegia

Question 77

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Answer 77

electromyography

Question 78

Surgical incision through the fascia to relieve tension or pressure

Answer 78

fasciotomy

Question 79

The surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone.

Answer 79

Tenodesis (-desis means to bind or tie together)

Question 80

The release of a tendon from adhesions

Answer 80

tenolysis

Question 81

Surgical suturing of a muscle

Answer 81

myorrhaphy

Question 82

the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

Answer 82

tenodesis